Renaissance & Reformation

Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by papal indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved.
— Martin Luther, 1517

This statement reflects a controversy over which of the following issues?

• To whom individuals must pray

• The proper means of salvation

• To whom education should be offered

• The roles women are expected to perform

Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by papal indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved.
— Martin Luther, 1517

This statement is most closely associated with which of the following?

• The Pax Romana

• Industrial Revolution

• Age of Enlightenment

• Protestant Reformation

Which statement best reflects the philosophy of the Renaissance?

• The works of Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study.

• Education must revolve solely around the study of religious doctrine.

• Human beings must not be glorified and the human form must not be represented in art.

• Class distinctions are a social ill that must be abolished in order for society to properly function.

In what way did humanists differ from traditional medieval philosophers during the Renaissance?

• They rejected Christian teachings and values.

• They rejected ancient Greek and Roman culture.

• They focused primarily on the spiritual nature of life.

• They focused primarily on the importance of the individual.

The list below describes developments associated with a specific historical period: - Study of classical Greek and Roman culture - Growing influence of Italian city-states - A focus on humanist philosophy These were all aspects of which of the following?

• The Great Awakening

• The Catholic Crusades

• The Industrial Revolution

• The European Renaissance

Which of the following was a major characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe?

• Secular achievements were emphasized.

• Suffrage was extended to all free men and women.

• Arabic became the primary written language of scholars.

• Ideas from ancient Rome and Greece were widely rejected.

Which factor helped most to bring about the Protestant Reformation?

• Many Western Europeans converted to Islam.

• The Catholic clergy abandoned their religious beliefs.

• Exploration of the Americas led to the introduction of new belief systems.

• Kings and princes in northern Europe resented the power of the Catholic Church.

One major result of the Reformation was —

• the organization of the Crusades.

• the beginning of the Reconquista in Spain.

• the strengthening of the power of the pope.

• the emergence of new Christian denominations.

Which of the following resulted from Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses and Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy?

• The end of unified Christianity in Western Europe

• The rise of the merchant class in Western Europe

• Increased economic unity among Western European nations

• Decreased violence between ethnic groups in Western Europe

The statements below relate to belief systems in Europe. - Martin Luther emphasizes the central role of faith. - Belief in predestination spreads throughout Switzerland. - The teachings of the Roman Catholic Church are clarified by the Council of Trent. What impact did the ideas and event described in these statements have?

• They helped bring religious unity to Europe.

• They brought about the end of the Glorious Revolution.

• They shaped the Reformation and the Counter Reformation.

• They helped to expand the influence of the Orthodox Church.