Critical Thinking and Ethical Dilemmas Quiz

Which of the following is an example of an ad hominem fallacy?

• Dismissing an argument because it is too complex to understand.

• Attacking the character of the person making an argument rather than the argument itself.

• Assuming that one event causes another simply because they occur together.

• Making a decision based on popular opinion.

In the trolley problem, if you choose to divert the trolley onto the track where one person is tied up instead of allowing it to continue on its current path where five people are tied up, which ethical principle are you primarily applying?

• Utilitarianism

• Deontology

• Virtue Ethics

• Egoism

Which logical fallacy involves making a conclusion based on insufficient evidence?

• Straw Man

• Slippery Slope

• Hasty Generalization

• False Dichotomy

If a company decides to pollute a river because it is cheaper than treating the waste, even though it harms the local community, which ethical dilemma does this situation best represent?

• Justice vs. Mercy

• Short-term vs. Long-term

• Individual vs. Community

• Truth vs. Loyalty

Identify the logical fallacy: "You shouldn't listen to Jerry's argument on climate change because he's not a scientist."

• Appeal to Authority

• Ad Hominem

• Appeal to Ignorance

• No True Scotsman

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the ethical dilemma of "ends justify the means"?

• A student cheats on an exam to maintain their scholarship.

• A politician lies about their stance on an issue to get elected.

• A doctor administers a painful treatment to save a patient's life.

• All of the above.

What does the slippery slope fallacy entail?

• Arguing that a small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant effect, without sufficient evidence to support the inevitable chain of events.

• Claiming that two situations are highly similar, when they're actually significantly different.

• Dismissing someone's argument by claiming they're too biased to be objective.

• Assuming that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.

In an ethical dilemma involving the principle of "fairness vs. loyalty," which of the following questions is most relevant?

• Is it more important to uphold moral principles or to achieve the best outcomes?

• Should one prioritize the well-being of the many over the few?

• Is it more important to treat everyone equally or to show loyalty to friends and family?

• Should actions be judged solely based on their intentions or their outcomes?