What are proteins polymers of?

• Nucleic acids

• α-amino acids

• Fatty acids

• Monosaccharides

What functional group is represented by -COOH?

• Amino group

• Hydroxyl group

• Carboxylic acid group

• Phosphate group

Which of the following is a characteristic of α-amino acids?

• They contain only an amino group.

• They contain only a carboxylic acid group.

• They contain both an amino group and a carboxylic acid group attached to the same carbon.

• They contain neither an amino group nor a carboxylic acid group.

What is the general structure of an α-amino acid as depicted in the image?

• R-CH(NH2)-COOH

• R-CH2-COOH

• R-CH(OH)-COOH

• R-CH3-COOH

What is the standard designation used in organic chemistry to differentiate amino acids like cysteine?

• L/D designation

• R/S designation

• A/B designation

• E/Z designation

How many chiral amino acids are designated as L in biochemistry?

• 18

• 19

• 20

• 21

Which amino acid is an exception by having an R designation in the standard R/S system?

• Glycine

• Alanine

• Cysteine

• Lysine

What does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relate to in chemistry?

• The ratio of the concentration of an acid to its conjugate base

• The rate of a chemical reaction

• The energy change in a thermodynamic process

• The equilibrium constant for a gas-phase reaction

In the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, what does "p" represent?

• The power of the concentration

• The negative logarithm

• The pressure of the system

• The product of the concentrations

Which of the following is the correct expression for the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

• pH = pK_a + log([A-]/[HA])

• pH = pK_a - log([A-]/[HA])

• pH = pK_a / log([A-]/[HA])

• pH = pK_a * log([A-]/[HA])