Ch 11.3 QUIZ

Humans and other animals regulate cell growth and cell division. In humans, which of these types of cells generally do not divide after they have developed?

• skin cells

• cells of the lining of the digestive tract

• cells in the bone marrow that generate blood cells

• muscle cells and nerve cells

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By regulating the cell cycle, multicellular organisms gain which of these benefits? Select all of the correct answers.

• eliminating unnecessary genes

• healing wounds effectively

• replacing lost cells, such as shed skin cells

• preventing communication among cells

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When does the mitosis-promoting factor (MPF) Cyclin concentration decline during a typical cell cycle in clam eggs?

• when the cells grow larger

• when DNA is synthesized

• when haploid gametes are produced

• when the cell nucleus divides

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Which statement BEST describes the relationship between MPF and the cell cycle?

• Cyclin binds with an enzyme to produce MPF Cyclin and as its concentration rises, it promotes mitosis.

• Cyclin binds with a factor to produce MPF enzyme and as the enzyme’s concentration decreases, it promotes mitosis.

• The MPF Cyclin concentration remains constant, as the rise and fall of the MPF enzyme controls the cell cycle.

• The MPF Cyclin concentration increases and decreases in a cycle, but does not control the cell cycle.

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How does apoptosis relate to cancer cells?

• In cancer cells, too much apoptosis occurs, resulting in malignant cells that will not undergo programmed cell death.

• In cancer cells, too little apoptosis occurs, resulting in malignant cells that will not undergo programmed cell death.

• In cancer cells, apoptosis occurs only when cells grow without proper regulation.

• In cancer cells, apoptosis occurs only when the cells receive the proper hormones.

A physician takes a biopsy, or tissue sample, from the skin of a patient. Which observation of the cells in the tissue would support the conclusion that the patient has skin cancer?

• Many cells in the tissue sample appear identical to one another.

• All of the cells are packed closely together.

• Some of the cells were dead when the biopsy was obtained.

• A group of cells appear larger and rounder than surrounding cells.

Why are cancer cells harmful? Choose three correct answers.

• They stop cell growth and division.

• They block nerve connections.

• They prevent organs from functioning properly.

• They absorb nutrients needed by other cells.

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Which of the following are functions of external regulators of the cell cycle? Select two answers.

• regulate checkpoints

• make sure chromosomes have replicated

• speed up or slow down cell cycle

• stop the cell cycle

What is the relationship between mutation, the cell cycle, and cancer? Select all statements that apply.

• Mutated, defective genes may cause cells to become unable to respond to signals that regulate the cell cycle.

• As a result of unregulated cell cycles, cells may become cancerous, meaning that the cells grow and divide uncontrollably.

• Mutated genes typically allow cells to respond to checkpoint proteins that halt the cell cycle, thus avoiding formation of tumors.

• Cancerous cells may form malignant tumors that invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissue.

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High-energy radiation is often used to treat cancer. Which statement BEST explains why this treatment is effective?

• The radiation kills cancer cells but leaves healthy cells intact.

• The radiation is especially damaging to cancer cells because of their high rate of mitosis.

• The radiation is especially damaging to cancer cells because of their genetic composition.

• The radiation kills cancer cells and healthy cells equally, but is directed precisely at cancer cells.

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