AP Biology: Bacteria and Viruses

What are the main differences between bacteria and viruses?

• Ability to fly, swim, walk, and crawl

• Structure, size, reproduction, and ability to cause disease

• Habitat, diet, lifespan, and movement

• Color, shape, smell, and taste

Explain the structure of a typical bacterium.

• Flagella, cilia, vacuoles, centrioles, and lysosomes

• Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA

• Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus

• Stem, leaves, roots, flowers, and seeds

How do bacteria reproduce?

• Bacterial transformation

• Bacterial conjugation

• Binary fission

• Bacterial transduction

What are the different shapes of bacteria and their significance?

• Red, blue, green

• Square, triangle, circle

• Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla

• Small, medium, large

Describe the process of viral replication.

• Viral replication is the process by which a virus makes copies of itself within a host cell.

• Viral replication involves the virus creating energy for the host cell.

• Viral replication is the process of a virus destroying host cells.

• Viral replication is the process of a virus escaping from the host cell.

What are the major differences between lytic and lysogenic cycles in viral replication?

• In the lytic cycle, the virus integrates its RNA into the host cell's genome, while in the lysogenic cycle, the virus remains dormant for a period of time

• In the lytic cycle, the virus remains dormant for a period of time, while in the lysogenic cycle, the virus immediately replicates and destroys the host cell

• In the lytic cycle, the virus immediately replicates and destroys the host cell, while in the lysogenic cycle, the virus integrates its DNA into the host cell's genome and remains dormant for a period of time.

• In the lytic cycle, the virus integrates its DNA into the host cell's genome, while in the lysogenic cycle, the virus immediately replicates and destroys the host cell

Explain the concept of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

• Antibiotic resistance is a result of bacteria becoming more susceptible to antibiotics.

• Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic.

• Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to produce antibiotics.

• Antibiotic resistance is caused by viruses attacking bacteria.

Discuss the role of bacteria in the environment and human health.

• Bacteria are not involved in nutrient cycling or nitrogen fixation

• Bacteria only cause harm to the environment and human health

• Bacteria play a crucial role in the environment by decomposing organic matter, fixing nitrogen, and cycling nutrients. In human health, they can be both beneficial (e.g. gut microbiota) and harmful (e.g. causing infections).

• Bacteria have no role in the environment or human health

What are the major diseases caused by bacteria and viruses?

• Diabetes, hypertension, arthritis

• Tuberculosis, strep throat, urinary tract infections, influenza, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19

• Common cold, allergies, asthma

• Chickenpox, measles, mumps

How do vaccines work in preventing viral infections?

• Vaccines introduce a weakened or inactive form of a virus to trigger the immune system to produce antibodies.

• Vaccines contain live viruses that attack and kill the virus causing the infection

• Vaccines work by directly targeting and destroying the virus in the body

• Vaccines have no effect on preventing viral infections