Ethical Foundations of Professional Ethics

According to Plato, what does the possession of the Ring of Gyges reveal about human behavior?

• People will always act justly, regardless of the circumstances.

• Individuals, even those committed to justice, would likely behave unjustly.

• The ring has no impact on a person's actions.

• Justice is an inherent quality and cannot be influenced by external factors.

Why does Plato argue that the actions of the just and the unjust would be identical with the Ring of Gyges?

• The ring enhances a person's sense of justice.

• People are naturally inclined to do wrong.

• Invisibility leads to moral clarity.

• The power of the ring eliminates the consequences of actions.

According to Plato, what is the key to justice, as demonstrated by the Ring of Gyges story?

• Doing what benefits oneself the most.

• Refusing to do wrong, even when it seems advantageous.

• Using power to control others.

• Following the majority's opinions on justice.

According to Aristotle, what is the role of virtue in leading a life of excellence?

• Virtue is irrelevant to a life of excellence.

• Virtue is essential for a life of excellence.

• Virtue contributes to temporary happiness only.

• Excellence is unrelated to virtue.

In Aristotle's virtue theory, what is a "mean"?

• An average level of virtue.

• A point between two extremes.

• A peak of virtuous behavior.

• An extreme level of vice.

What is the fundamental principle of Utilitarianism, according to John Stuart Mill?

• The principle of justice.

• The greatest happiness principle.

How does Mill address the question of the quality of pleasures in Utilitarianism?

• All pleasures are of equal value.

• Quality is more important than quantity.

• Pleasures are subjective and cannot be compared.

• Only intellectual pleasures have value.

According to Kant, what is the basis for determining the moral worth of an action?

• The consequences of the action.

• The intention and motive behind the action.

• The action's impact on personal happiness.

• An action is morally right if it is done out of duty and if it conforms to the categorical imperative.

What is the test for a principle to become universal law, according to Kant?

• The principle must lead to personal happiness.

• The action should be universally accepted.

• The action can be consistently made universal without contradiction.

• The principle should align with societal norms.

According to Kant, what is the 'categorical imperative'?

• An action is morally right if it maximizes the good for society.

• A command that applies to all rational beings, regardless of their desires or interests.

• A principle that allows us to evaluate our actions based on their potential outcomes.

• A rule that must be followed only in specific circumstances.