DNA Repair and Mutation

What are the three main types of DNA repair mechanisms?

• Base excision correction, nucleotide excision insertion, and mismatch excision insertion

• Base pair repair, nucleotide deletion repair, and mismatch correction

• Protein excision repair, nucleotide insertion repair, and mismatch excision repair

• Base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair

What are the causes of DNA mutations?

• Genetic modification of food

• Environmental factors, errors during DNA replication, exposure to viruses and radiation

• Eating too much sugar

• Lack of exercise

How do DNA mutations affect protein function?

• Increasing the stability of the protein structure

• Decreasing the rate of protein synthesis

• Enhancing the efficiency of protein degradation

• Altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein

What is the role of enzymes in DNA repair?

• Enzymes identify and repair damaged DNA

• Enzymes break down DNA into smaller pieces

• Enzymes have no role in DNA repair

• Enzymes prevent DNA from being repaired

Why is DNA repair important in cancer prevention?

• It increases the risk of cancer

• It has no impact on cancer prevention

• It helps to fix mutations and damage in the DNA that could lead to cancer.

• It slows down the body's natural defense against cancer

Explain the process of base excision repair.

• Base excision repair involves the removal of a damaged base by a DNA helicase

• Base excision repair is a process that does not involve any enzymes

• Base excision repair only requires the action of DNA ligase to replace the damaged base

• Base excision repair involves the removal of a damaged base by a DNA glycosylase, followed by the action of an endonuclease, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase to replace the damaged base with the correct one.

What are the effects of UV radiation on DNA?

• Increased resistance to sunburn

• Mutations and potential skin cancer

• Enhanced DNA repair

• Decreased risk of skin cancer

How do mismatch repair mechanisms work?

• By promoting the formation of mutations

• By identifying and removing incorrectly paired nucleotides

• By increasing the number of incorrectly paired nucleotides

• By repairing damaged proteins

What is the significance of homologous recombination in DNA repair?

• It plays a crucial role in repairing double-strand breaks and maintaining genomic stability.

• It has no significance in DNA repair

• It only repairs single-strand breaks

• It causes genomic instability

Explain the concept of nucleotide excision repair.

• It is a mechanism that repairs damage to cell membranes

• It is a process that repairs damaged RNA molecules

• It is a DNA repair mechanism that removes bulky DNA lesions caused by exposure to UV light or certain chemicals.

• It is a method for repairing protein synthesis errors