Africa and the Middle East in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century

What were some of the challenges faced by the newly independent African nations?

• Political instability, economic growth, social equality

• Border disputes, religious harmony, cultural diversity

• Infrastructure development, foreign aid, democratic reforms

• Ethnic and religious conflicts, colonial legacy, economic dependence

Which African leader mobilized the Gold Coast's people in a campaign for independence?

• Kwame Nkrumah

• Nelson Mandela

• Jerry Rawlings

• Jomo Kenyatta

What was the main resource that made Libya's rulers very rich after World War II?

• Oil

• Diamonds

• Rubber

• Gold

What was the main cause of the violence in Rwanda in 1994?

• Cultural diversity

• Genocide

• Religious harmony

• Border disputes

Which African country gained independence from South Africa in 1910?

• Nigeria

• Ghana

• Democratic Republic of Congo

• Kenya

What was the main goal of the French Community in Africa?

• Economic dependence on France

• Integration into the European Union

• Complete independence for all colonies

• Autonomy with French control over resources

Why did some African nations choose independence over membership in the French Community?

• To gain complete independence

• To integrate into the European Union

• To have autonomy without French control over resources

• To maintain economic dependence on France

What does apartheid mean?

• Equality

• Integration

• Separateness

• Unity

Which organization of Black South Africans fought against apartheid policies?

• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

• Black Lives Matter (BLM)

• United Nations (UN)

• African National Congress (ANC)

Who became the leader of an armed wing of the ANC called Umkhonto we Sizwe?

• Nelson Mandela

• Cyril Ramaphosa

• Thabo Mbeki

• Jacob Zuma