Challenges in Space Infrastructure Quiz

What are the main applications of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) capabilities?

• Air transport, precision agriculture, and transaction dating

• Weather observations, data collection, and electricity grid maintenance

• Maritime transport, precision agriculture, and database synchronization

• Road transport, precision agriculture, and electricity grid operation

What is the percentage of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) according to the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS)?

• 41%

• 4%

• 49%

• 6%

What is the estimated number of debris objects being tracked by the Space Surveillance Network?

• 21,000

• 166 million

• 29,000

• 750,000

What is the main challenge to governance in the space environment?

• Difficulty in attributing an attack

• Lack of preparedness of competent authorities

• Lack of technical standards enforcement

• Inability to enforce jurisdictional boundaries

What is the main category of deliberate threats to space systems according to Georgescu et al. (2015a)?

• Cybernetic attacks

• Laser attacks

• Signal jamming

• Kinetic attacks with missiles

What is the main focus of the proposal by Gheorghe and Yuchnovicz (2015) regarding space vulnerability?

• Investing in measures for a more coherent space environment

• Changing the incentive structure of private entities

• Space infrastructure vulnerability cadastre

• Market governance model

What is the main purpose of the International Disaster Charter and Sentinel Asia initiatives?

• Enforcing technical standards for space systems

• Monitoring and recommending sanctions for space actors

• Investing in measures for a more coherent space environment

• Providing critical space capabilities in crisis situations

What is the main characteristic of space weather phenomena?

• Impact on the functioning of space systems

• Impact on the functioning of Earth-based systems

• Impact on the safety of pipelines

• All of the above

What is the main issue with the current system of space governance?

• Lack of preparedness of competent authorities

• Inability to enforce jurisdictional boundaries

• Inability to enforce technical standards

• Lack of clear body or body of law for solving disputes

What is the main recommendation for resilience governance of space systems?

• All of the above

• Investing in measures for a more coherent space environment

• Focusing on changing the incentive structure of private entities

• Agreeing on key resilience measures and enforcing them unilaterally