KSA Released Items 2023 Science (IN PROGRESS

Jesse and his dad were stopped in traffic because a work crew was painting a metal bridge. Jesse asked his dad, “Why do they need to paint the bridge?” His dad explained that the paint was needed to prevent the chemical reaction of rusting.

Iron + Oxygen → Iron (III) Oxide

Jesse says, "Rusting is a chemical reaction? I thought rust was just something that happened." Which of these statements will help Jesse understand rust is actually a chemical reaction?

• Rust is not on the periodic table, so it is not a chemical.

• Color change is a common indicator of chemical reactions.

• Rusting is a rapid process that can be observed while it is happening.

• The reactants both must be in the same phase for a chemical reaction to occur.

Answer explanation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Which one of these statements best explains why the rest of Jesse’s family told Jesse his prediction can’t be right?

• When things rust, they fall apart.

• Chemical reactions always make things heavier.

• The rusting reaction doesn’t remove a substance.

• Rusting gives off a gas that makes the rust heavier.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Which statements describe why either Jake’s or Paula’s prediction could be correct, depending on whether the jar remains closed or open?

• The mass of the jar will increase when the jar is open.

• The mass of the jar will decrease when the jar is open.

• The mass of the jar will increase when the jar is closed.

• The mass of the jar will not change when the jar is open.

• The mass of the jar will not change when the jar is closed.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

What one periodic pattern would most likely help Jesse predict the correct chemical formula for lithium + oxygen → lithium oxide?

• The atomic masses of these elements.

• The number of neutrons these elements contain.

• The location of the elements within their rows (period).

• The location of the elements within their columns (group).

Jesse wonders if he can use this type of model to illustrate how the rusting of iron occurs. Explain how Jesse could use a model like the one shown to illustrate the rusting of iron, based on your knowledge of electron transfer and the formation of compounds.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Which one of these models best demonstrates the correct atomic configuration and electron transfer that occurs in the formation of iron (III) oxide?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Jesse says, "I can use patterns on the periodic table to predict all kinds of things. I predict that iron will bond with sulfur to form a molecule similar to the way a molecule forms when rusting occurs." Which one of these patterns of the periodic table best allows Jesse to make this prediction?

• Sulfur and oxygen are usually gases.

• Sulfur and oxygen are in different rows.

• Sulfur and oxygen are in the same family.

• Sulfur and oxygen have similar electronegativity.

Which one choice best demonstrates a way to prevent the process of oxidation that is similar to the way the painting of bridges prevents the process of oxidation?

• Meat is kept in the freezer until it is cooked.

• Apples aren’t peeled until just before they are eaten.

• Bacon is soaked in a salt solution before it is packaged.

• Avocados are mashed before serving to increase their surface area.

Which one of the following bridges would probably be weakened most rapidly by oxidation? Explain why you chose this bridge based on the factors influencing reaction rates.

• Unpainted iron bridge in Alaska

• Painted iron bridge in Alaska

• Unpainted iron bridge in Florida

• Painted iron bridge in Florida

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-2

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3