Chapter 11 Geology

What kind of movement is directly generated by heat within the core and mantle?

• circular convection cells

• one-way convection flows

• tectonic heat

• landslides

• ocean currents

Where do the majority of earthquakes and volcanoes occur?

• in the interior of continents

• on oceanic islands

• along the edge of plate boundaries

• in the open ocean

• in the United States

Dependence on foreign sources of ______ by the United States could be decreased by a new process that extracts the valuable material from the brine waste of geothermal plants.

Which geologic processes occur over many years but produce changes in buildings and monuments that can be seen during the span of a human lifetime?

• volcanic eruptions

• earthquakes

• weathering and erosion

• atmospheric circulation

• continental drift

Most of the chemical elements and compounds found in ______ occur in such low concentrations that recovering these mineral resources takes more energy and money than they are worth.

Most minerals are _____.

• pure elements

• a mixture of elements and rocks

• a mixture of compounds and elements

• pure compounds

• pure rocks

Why does China have more damage from mineral mining than the United States?

• China has more mineral resources than the United States.

• China’s minerals are harder to extract than U.S. minerals.

• China’s environmental laws are stricter than those in the United States.

• China’s legal system allows fewer lawsuits than the United States.

• China’s environmental laws are less strict than those in the United States.

What fraction of all solid waste in the United States is produced by surface and subsurface mining?

• one-tenth

• one-fourth

• one-half

• three-fourths

• nine-tenths

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), spoils from _____ mining have buried more than 700 miles of streams.

• subsurface mining

• mountaintop removal

• contour strip mining

• open-pit mining

• area strip mining

The recycling process of what metal produces 95% less air pollution and 97% less water pollution, and uses 95% less energy than mining and processing its ore?

• copper

• lithium

• silica from glass

• gold

• aluminum