Thermal Energy

With the central heating on, Darcy’s living room should be a comfortable 19°C. But the room only reaches 16°C, which is too cold. Darcy realizes that warm air is escaping through a gap underneath the door. She decides to make a device called a draft excluder (a fabric tube stuffed with foam) to keep the warm air inside the room and the cold air outside. What is the independent variable?

• Temperature of the living room

• Thickness of draft excluder

• Thickness of the door

• Initial temperature of the living room

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Darcy makes two draft excluders using different thicknesses of foam. One is 20 mm thick and the other is 40 mm thick. She tests the 20 mm draft excluder one night and the 40 mm draft excluder the next night. 

She collects the following data from her investigation.

Which statement best explains the relationship between the thickness of the draft excluder and energy transfer? 

• The 20 mm draft excluder allowed the greatest amount of energy to leave the living room, shown by the greatest increase in temperature after 1 hour.

• The 20 mm draft excluder allowed the smallest amount of energy to leave the living room, shown by the greatest increase in temperature after 1 hour.

• The 40 mm draft excluder allowed the greatest amount of energy to leave the living room, shown by the greatest increase in temperature after 1 hour.

• The 40 mm draft excluder allowed the smallest amount of energy to leave the living room, shown by the greatest increase in temperature after 1 hour.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Abby sets up an investigation using cold water and hot water. He puts three drops of red food dye in each tumbler and waits ten seconds. His results are shown below.

How can he describe the relationship between the temperature of the water and the energy of the water molecules in the system?

• The lower the temperature of the water, the greater the amount of energy in the system and the faster the water molecules move.

• The higher the temperature of the water, the greater amount of energy in the system and the faster the water molecules move.

• The higher the temperature of the water, the lower amount of energy in the system and the slower the water molecules move.

• The temperature of the water has no effect on the speed of the molecules, so the amount of energy in the system does not change.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Ally’s car becomes uncomfortably hot during the summer if she can’t park it in the shade. She wants to design a cover for her windshield to keep her car cool when she has to park it in the sun. She can only spend $10 on materials and has one week to make a prototype. Which of the following are constraints? (There are 2 answers)

• Costs less than $10 to produce

• She only has one week to make a prototype

• She wants to design a cover for her windshield

• Her car gets uncomfortably hot in the summer

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

Temperature is the __________ _________ energy of moving particles

• average potential

• average kinetic

• total potential

• total kinetic

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Cold things often have a _________ kinetic energy because_______

• lower; particles are moving around less

• lower; particles are moving around more

• higher; particles are moving around the same

• higher; particles do not move

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

An adult penguin, which has more mass than a chick, will have______________

• higher coldness

• lower number of atoms

• higher thermal energy

• lower thermal energy

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

How does heat flow?

• Always from cold to warm
• Always from warm to cold
• Both warm to cold & cold to warm
• It depends on the temperature

A high specific heat means...

• It requires less energy to change temperature
• It requires more energy to change temperature
• It heats up very quickly

If 1000 J of heat was added to each material, which will have the LARGEST increase in temperature?

• copper

• granite

• iron

• basalt

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4