Mendelian Genetics Intro - Very Important Vocab

Define the term gene

• A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
• A type of virus that causes genetic mutations
• A type of cell in the human body
• A type of protein found in the body

Define the term allele

• A type of plant
• One of two or more versions of a gene
• A type of cell
• A type of rock

Define the term homologous chromosomes

• Pairs of chromosomes with the same genes in the same order
• Chromosomes with different genes in the same order
• Chromosomes with no genes
• Pairs of chromosomes with different genes in different order

Define the term cross, when referring to it in Mendelian Genetics

• The process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism
• The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring
• The process of combining genetic material from two different individuals to create a new organism
• Breeding of two different individuals to produce offspring with specific traits

Define the term homozygous, when referring to it in Mendelian Genetics

• An individual having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
• An individual having three alleles for a particular gene.
• An individual having no alleles for a particular gene.
• An individual having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Define the term heterozygous, when referring to it in Mendelian Genetics

• Having two different alleles for a particular gene
• Having three different alleles for a particular gene
• Referring to the genotype of an organism with only one allele for a particular gene
• Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Define the term dominant, when referring to it in Mendelian Genetics

• A gene that will be expressed over a recessive gene when both are present
• A gene that is only present in the offspring of two homozygous parents
• A gene that will skip a generation before being expressed
• A gene that will be expressed only in females

Define the term recessive, when referring to it in Mendelian Genetics

• A gene that is always expressed in an organism
• A gene that is only found in females
• A gene that is not inherited from the parents
• A gene that is masked by a dominant gene when both are present

Define the term genotype

• The physical characteristics of an organism
• Genetic makeup of an organism
• Color of an organism's eyes
• The environment in which an organism lives

Define the term phenotype

• The genetic makeup of an organism
• The study of animal behavior
• Observable physical features of an organism

• The process of photosynthesis