Personality Theories

According to Freud's view of personality structure, the "executive" system, the ​ (a)   , seeks to gratify the impulses of the ​ (b)   in more acceptable ways.

• ego
• id
• superego

In general, neo-Freudians such as Adler and Horney accepted many of Freud's views but placed more emphasis than he did on ________.

• social interactions.

• development throughout the life span.

• the collective unconscious.

• the role of the id.

Modern-day psychodynamic theorists and therapists agree with Freud about ________.

• the existence of the unconscious mental processes.

• the Oedipus complex.

• the predictive value of Freudian theory.

• the superego's role as the executive part of personality.

Which of the following is NOT part of the contemporary view of the unconscious?

• repressed memories of anxiety-provoking events

• schemes that influence our perceptions and interpretations

• stereotypes that affect our information processing

• instantly activated emotions and implicit memories of learned skills

Freud identified many defense mechanisms, including regression (coping with anxiety by retreating to an earlier developmental stage) and projection (disguising threatening impulses by attributing them to others). All defense mechanisms distort or disguise reality and all are _______.

• unconscious

• conscious

• precinscious

• rationalizations

According to Carl Rogers, a growth promoting environment is one that offers genuineness, acceptance, and empathy. The total acceptance Rogers advocated is called _______.

• unconditional positive regard

• self-concept

• self-actualization

• the "ideal self"

Sigmund Freud thought that personality was most influenced by ______.

• defense mechanisms

• the unconscious mind

• repression

• free association

​ (a)   is to collective unconscious as ​ (b)   is to inferiority complex.​

• Jung
• Adler
• Freud
• Horney
• Rogers

What do we call an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting?

• personality

• preconscious

• psychoanalysis

• psychodynamic

What did Neo-Freudian Keren Horney believe was the foundation of personality development?

• helplessness and isolation

• differences between males and females

• cultural variables and social expectations

• the collective unconscious