Logical Fallacies Quiz

What must a position have to be considered a logical fallacy?

• It must be based on subjective arguments.

• It must be logically flawed or deceptive in some way.

• It must be an argument that can be disproven with facts.

• It must be an argument that cannot be disproven.

Which of the following is an example of a slippery slope fallacy?

• If you go outside without a coat, you'll catch a cold.

• If you go outside without a coat, you'll catch a cold and infect the rest of the family. Then your sister will have to miss class and she'll get a bad grade and fail her course.

• The only way to catch a cold is to be exposed to a virus.

• Logical fallacies were first recognized in the Nyāya-Sūtras.

Why is the statement "If you go outside without a coat, you'll catch a cold" not considered a logical fallacy?

• Because it is a proven fact.

• Because it is based on subjective arguments.

• Because it is simply incorrect, not logically flawed.

• Because it is an old argument recognized in ancient texts.

Where were logical fallacies first recognized and cataloged?

• In modern philosophy books.

• In the Nyāya-Sūtras.

• In scientific journals.

• In ancient mythology.

Who identified five distinct ways that an argument could be logically flawed in the Nyāya school of Hindu philosophy?

• Aristotle

• Richard Whately

• Aksapāda Gautama

• Francis Bacon

What did Aristotle divide logical fallacies into in his work "Sophistical Refutations"?

• Ethical and non-ethical fallacies

• Verbal and material fallacies

• Formal and informal fallacies

• Rational and irrational fallacies

Logical fallacies can often appear in which type of academic writing?

• Narrative essays

• Expository writing

• Descriptive writing

• Fictional writing

According to the text, logical fallacies are not restricted to any specific group based on characteristics such as age, political affiliation, gender, race, religion, or subculture.

• True

• False

What is an ad hominem fallacy?

• A) A fallacy that involves an irrelevant topic to divert attention from the subject under discussion.

• B) A fallacy that attacks the opponent's character or personal traits instead of engaging with their argument.

• C) A fallacy that occurs when someone assumes that parts of something are inherently the same as the whole.

• D) A fallacy that presents two unrelated points as if they were connected with a cause-and-effect relationship.

Why do people make logically inconsistent statements and arguments according to the text?

• A) Because they are trying to make their opposition look worse intentionally.

• B) Because they have taken the time to think through them logically.

• C) Because they haven't taken the time to think through them logically.

• D) Because they are not smart enough to understand the arguments.