FTCE Reading Endorsement Competency 1

What should you identify to understand the validity of reading research?

• The length of the research paper

• Characteristics and sources of valid reading research

• The number of authors of the research

• The publication date of the research

What did Fries believe was the result of successful decoding in the 1960s-1970s?

• Improved writing skills

• Reading comprehension

• Enhanced speaking abilities

• Better listening skills

According to other theorists in the 1960s-1970s, what type of questions should be asked to challenge and engage students in text?

• Simple and straightforward questions

• Inferential and critical thinking questions

• Questions based on memorization

• Questions with yes or no answers

According to Rosenblatt, what are the two purposes for reading?

• Efferent Stance and Aesthetic Stance

• Critical Stance and Reflective Stance

• Informative Stance and Entertaining Stance

• Analytical Stance and Emotional Stance

What does the Efferent Stance focus on according to Rosenblatt's theory?

• The structure of the text

• The information in the text

• The reader's emotions

• The historical context of the text

What is emphasized in the Aesthetic Stance of reading as per Rosenblatt?

• The factual accuracy of the text

• The reader's experience with the text

• The author's intention

• The grammatical correctness of the text

What does the bottom-up theory of reading emphasize in children's learning process?

• Learning whole language before understanding the parts

• Starting with readers' knowledge before reading

• Skill-based learning one skill at a time, such as phonics and letter-sound relationship

• Balancing both phonics and whole language approaches

According to the top-down theory, what initiates the reading process?

• The relationship between letters and sounds

• Readers' prior knowledge

• Learning individual skills sequentially

• A balance of skill-based and knowledge-based approaches

What is the focus of interactive theories (balanced literacy) in reading?

• Focusing solely on phonics

• Starting with whole language and then moving to parts

• Balancing bottom-up and top-down comprehension processes

• Ignoring readers' prior knowledge

What does Cooper define literacy as including?

• Only reading and writing

• Reading, writing, thinking, listening, viewing, and discussing

• Basic language skills and mathematics

• Technology use and social media