What was the major shift in thinking between 1500 and 1700, in which modern science emerged as a new way of gaining knowledge about the natural world?

• Reformation

• Industrial Revolution

• Scientific Revolution

• Enlightenment

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

NGSS.HS-PS2-1

What was the first major source that guided most Europeans' thinking about the natural world during the Middle Ages?

• The Bible

• Rosetta Stone

• Muslim scholars

• Teachings of Aristotle

Who combined Aristotle's thinking with Christian faith and argued that reason could be used to support Christian beliefs?

• Galileo Galilei

• Johannes Kepler

• Thomas Aquinas

• Nicolaus Copernicus

What belief did the Renaissance thinkers adopt from the Greeks, which emphasized the use of reason and logical thought to discover basic truths about the world?

• Skepticism

• Rationalism

• Empiricism

• Nihilism

Who proposed the heliocentric theory, which stated that Earth and the other planets travel in orbits around the sun?

• Johannes Kepler

• Isaac Newton

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Galileo Galilei

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

What did Johannes Kepler discover about the orbits of the planets, which expanded on Copernicus's theory?

• They are perfect circles

• They are ellipses

• They are hyperbolas

• They are parabolas

What did Galileo Galilei use mathematics to describe, which helped advance the understanding of motion?

• The path of a projectile

• The orbit of the moon

• The phases of Venus

• The movement of the planets

What did Galileo observe about the moon's surface, which contradicted the traditional view of the universe?

• It was rough and uneven

• It was covered in water

• It was perfectly smooth

• It was made of cheese

What did Galileo's discoveries about the phases of Venus indicate, which supported the heliocentric theory?

• Venus was stationary

• Venus was orbiting the moon

• Venus was orbiting the sun

• Venus was orbiting Earth

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

What did the Catholic Church see as wrong and dangerous, leading to a bitter conflict with Galileo?

• The geocentric theory

• The heliocentric theory

• The orbit of the moon

• The phases of Venus