B2.3 HL Cell Specialization

What is the function of the microvilli in the proximal convoluted tubule cells?

• To increase diffusion of gases

• To increase surface area for absorption

• To produce surfactant

• To transport respiratory gases

What is the term used for the tiny, finger-like projections on the surface of epithelial cells in the small intestine?

• Alveoli

• Pneumocytes

• Microvilli

• Macrophages

The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is found in which organ of the body?

• Heart

• Liver

• Kidney

• Lung

The epithelial cells in the PCT reabsorb components of the filtrate that have nutritional significance, such as:

• Oxygen and carbon dioxide

• Glucose, amino acids, and ions

• Surfactant components

• Debris and dust particles

What is the primary function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

• To transport nutrients

• To transport respiratory gases

• To filter out metabolic wastes

• To protect against infections

What is the function of Type II pneumocytes in the alveoli?

• To facilitate gas exchange

• To produce surfactant

• To ingest debris

• To transport oxygen

What term is correctly used to describe the walls of the alveoli?

• Cell wall

• Alveolar walls

• Capillary walls

• Pleural membranes

What force does lung surfactant secreted by Type II pneumocytes work against in the alveoli?

• Hydrostatic pressure

• Blood pressure

• Surface tension

• Atmospheric pressure

What adaptation increases the surface area-to-volume ratio in red blood cells?

• Their biconcave shape

• The presence of microvilli

• Their cuboidal shape

• The presence of a nucleus

What is the shape of the cell that increases flexibility and helps red blood cells move through capillaries?

• Cuboidal

• Biconcave

• Spherical

• Flat disk