G8 BIO 9 The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

The central dogma is the framework for how genetic info flows from DNA to a(n)_____.

• protein

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

Answer explanation

The central dogma describes how genetic information flows from DNA to protein, making 'protein' the correct choice.

Skin cells have the same DNA as muscle cells.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Skin cells and muscle cells have the same DNA, so the statement is true.

Genes are segments of DNA that code for a _____.

• protein that expresses a certain trait

• nucleus

• ribosome

• chromosome

Answer explanation

Genes are segments of DNA that code for a protein that expresses a certain trait, making the correct answer choice 'protein that expresses a certain trait'.

Which correctly describes how the DNA bases pair?

• Adenine-Guanine

• Thymine-Adenine

• Cytosine-Adenine

• Cytosine-Cytosine

Answer explanation

The correct pairing of DNA bases is Thymine-Adenine.

Replicate (complimentary base pair) the following DNA strand: AGGCT

• UCCGA

• TCCGU

• AGGCT

• TCCGA

Answer explanation

To replicate the complimentary base pair of AGGCT, we match A with T, G with C, C with G, C with G, and T with A, resulting in TCCGA.

DNA replication can best be described as _____.

• semiconservative

• dispersive

• chunked

• semiconservative and semidiscontinuous

Answer explanation

DNA replication is best described as semiconservative and semidiscontinuous, where one strand is newly synthesized continuously and the other is synthesized in short fragments.

Where does transcription occurs in a cell?

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosome

• Lysosome

Answer explanation

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of a cell, where the DNA is transcribed into RNA before being transported to the cytoplasm for translation.

In transcription, an Adenine in the DNA pairs with what base?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Uracil

• Guanine

Answer explanation

In transcription, Adenine in DNA pairs with Uracil in RNA due to the complementary base pairing rule where A pairs with U.

A codon codes for _____.

• a whole protein

• mRNA

• an amino acid

• DNA

Answer explanation

A codon codes for an amino acid, which is the building block of proteins. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid in the genetic code.

AUG, also a start codon, codes for _____.

• Methionine

• Lysine

• Valine

• Proline

Answer explanation

AUG, as a start codon, codes for Methionine in the genetic code.