World History Chapter 8 Test

The new scientific method of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries relied on

• "natural philosophers."
• direct observation and experiment.
• Greek thinker Aristotle.
• scientific knowledge that already existed.

Ptolemy believed that the universe was geocentric, or

• Earth-centered.
• concentric.
• moon-centered.
• sun-centered.

How did the telescope contribute to Galileo's theories?

• Church elders could see the motion in the universe for themselves and support Galileo.
• The telescope made automatic measurements of the movements in the universe.
• Through the telescope, Galileo could see how bodies in the universe moved and what they were made of.
• Galileo invented the telescope and earned money to carry out his work selling them.

The universal law of gravitation was proposed by

• Lavoisier.
• Copernicus.
• Galileo.
• Newton.

Montesquieu developed the idea of

• separation of powers.
• laissez-faire.
• philosophe.
• social contract.

Rousseau's idea of freedom included

• doing anything a person wants.
• being enslaved by the government.
• living in the city half of the time.
• doing what is best for the general will.

How were coffeehouses like salons in spreading ideas of the Enlightenment?

• People enjoyed drinking coffee at both.
• Both brought people together to exchange news and ideas.
• Wealthy people benefited from both.
• Each took place at the homes of the intellectual elite.

Vesalius and Harvey contributed to the understanding of human anatomy by

• dissecting bodies.
• viewing bodies through telescopes.
• studying gases.
• reasoning with the Church.

In what area of belief were Voltaire and Diderot alike?

• economics
• superstition
• religious toleration
• capital punishment

Which leader tried to make real Enlightenment changes in his or her country?

• Frederick II, or Frederick the Great
• Empress Maria Theresa
• Joseph II of Austria
• Catherine the Great