Primate Evolution

Which classifies primates with large eyes and ears that rely predominantly on their sens of smell for hunting?

• anthropoids

• haplorhines

• hominoids

• strepsirrhines

Which characteristic in New World Monkeys functions as a fifth limb?

• prehensile tail

• opposable digits

• flexible wrists

• fingernails

Most primates have _________ digits that allow for increased dexterity and increased find motor skills.

• prehensile

• large

• opposable

• lengthy

Specify the group of hominins that were indisputably bipedal. When and where did they live?

• australopithecines; east-central and southern Africa 4.2 - 1 mya

• Proconsul; southern Africa 23 - 14 mya

• Paranthropus; Europe and Asia 2 - 1.2 mya

• Homo habilis; Africa 2.4 - 1.4 mya

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Summarize one widely accepted theory about how climate change caused hominins in Africa to evolve an upright walking posture.

• 6 - 7 mya bipedalism evolved after increase in brain size due to increased meat in diet

• 3.5 - 3.2 mya bipedalism evolved due to social structure with males and females raising offspring

• 24 - 5 mya the world's climate become cooler and drier causing the savannas in Africa to become tropical forests

• 24 - 5 mya the world's climate become warmer and wetter causing the tropical forests in Africa to become savannas

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Which fossil provided evidence of bipedalism occurring before the increase in brain capacity? (Use the common name)

List the first undisputed member of the Homo genus for which fossils exist.

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Which Homo genus was the first to use fire?

What evidence do we have from using modern technological tools that Neanderthals and modern humans are separate species?

• Results from aging fossils

• Results of mitochondrial DNA tests on Neanderthal fossils suggest that the Neanderthals were distinct species.

• Results from mitochondrial DNA that suggests we are the same species

• Results from evidence that they lived in the same area at the same time

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Mitochondrial DNA from Africans was recently discovered to be more variable than mitochondrial DNA from Europeans. Which of the following ideas is supported by this finding?

• Out-of-Africa Hypothesis

• Multiregional Hypothesis

• Hominoid biogeography hypothesis

• Ancestral Neanderthal Hypothesis

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