Introduction to earth systems

frozen

into thickened ice masses called glaciers. Massive glacial ice sheets cover most of

Greenland and Antarctica.

• Fresh water

• salt water

• water

• salt

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Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Arctic are the names for the different parts

of the ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest, covering an area greater than all the

land on Earth.

• fresh water

• salt water

• water

• fresh

source—an underground stream, runoff from

rain, or melting snow or ice. Gravity causes these tiny streams to flow downhill.

These small streams join others to form a larger stream.

• salt water

• fresh water

• river

• lake

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The land area that supplies water to a river system is called a

watershed. When rivers join another river system, the areas they drain become part

of the largest river’s watershed.

• lake

• water

• river

• watersheds

Watersheds stay separated from each other by a ridge of land which is

• lake

• river

• divide

• watersheds

water collects in hollows and low-

lying areas of land. Unlike streams and rivers, ponds and lakes contain mostly still

water.

• water

• river

• watersheds

• ponds and lake

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A large portion of fresh water in the hydrosphere is underground. Water that fills the cracks and spaces in soil and rock layers is

• lake

• pond

• Groundwater

• river

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As precipitation falls to Earth, it moves through the soil and the small

spaces within underground rock layers. These layers contain air as well as water, so

they are not saturated, or filled, with water.

• land

• water

• river

• aquifer

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People can get groundwater from an aquifer by digging a well that reaches

below the water table.

• river

• lake

• well

• watersheds

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Ocean has many varies related to their

• water type

• sugar

• salinity, temperature, depth

• depth

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