Epigenome

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

• The two different cells become mutated

• The proteins expressed in each cell are different

• They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

• The genome of the different cells changes

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What is a Gene?

• A segment of RNA that encodes for a protein
• A chromosome
• A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein
• Your genome

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The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

• cell multiplication
• cell division
• mitosis
• cell differentiation

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Activation or deactivation of genes by environmental experiences throughout development

• turn on genes
• gene expression
• environmental factors
• gene markers

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The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes.

• genome
• epigenome
• genetic markers
• RNA codon

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The difference between DNA code and the epigenome is that the DNA code is

• flexible, while the epigenome is fixed for life
• fixed for life, while the epigenome is flexible
• determined by the environment, while the epigenome is not
• determined by one's stress level, while the epigenome is not

At what stage in the life of identical twins is the epigenome expected to be most similar?

• Age 6 months
• Age 21
• Age 55
• Trick quesiton; the epigenome never changes

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Which factor can affect the epigenome?

• nutrition
• exercise
• stress 
• all of these factors can affect the epigenome

These two mice are genetically identical. How do you explain the difference in their coat colors?

• The brown mouse has a different form of the agouti gene.

• The brown mouse has been fed a diet that donated methyl groups that inactivated the agouti gene.

• The mice come from two different families.

• The brown mouse was fed a diet that donated acetyl groups and inactivated the agouti gene.

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Which model would be an accurate model of a gene that has been activated?

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