Gene Expression, Regulation, and Cell Specialization

What is gene expression regulation and why is it important in biology?

• Gene expression regulation is important in biology because it allows cells to mutate and become cancerous

• Gene expression regulation is not important in biology because it only affects non-essential functions

• Gene expression regulation is not important in biology because it has no impact on the organism's overall health

• Gene expression regulation is important in biology because it allows cells to respond to their environment, differentiate into specific cell types, and maintain proper functioning of the organism.

Explain the role of transcription factors in gene expression regulation.

• Transcription factors have no role in gene expression regulation.

• Transcription factors regulate the initiation of transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences.

• Transcription factors regulate the initiation of translation by binding to specific RNA sequences.

• Transcription factors are only involved in DNA replication and not gene expression regulation.

What is the role of RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?

• It repairs damaged DNA strands

• It regulates gene expression

• It synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

• It converts RNA into DNA

what does a promoter do?

• it allows a gene to be transcribed
• it creates a DNA segment
• it is another word for ribosomes
• it is another word for RNA

A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase

• regulator
• repressor
• activator
• corepressor

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
• They often delete things that organisms need.
• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

• The two different cells become mutated
• The proteins expressed in each cell are different
• They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
• The genome of the different cells changes

In prokaryotes (bacteria), a group of related genes (like those for breaking down lactose) and the operator that controls them makes up a

• operon

• intron

• exon

• xylem

In genetics, an operator does what?

• regulates access to genes by RNA polymerase

• copies the genetic code to RNA

• synthesizes a new protein

• breaks down damaged RNA

what is an operon?

• a part of a ribsome
• a part of a Rna
• a unit made up of linked genes that code for proteins needed to do a specific task
• needed for dna replication