Geology for Grade 4

What are the three main types of rocks?

• Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

• Granite, marble, and limestone

• Crystal, quartz, and diamond

• Volcanic, tectonic, and seismic

How are igneous rocks formed?

• By the compression of sedimentary rocks

• From the solidification of molten rock material

• Through the cooling of water vapor

• From the accumulation of organic matter

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

• The theory of plate tectonics is a hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth

• The theory of plate tectonics is the study of celestial bodies in the solar system

• The theory of plate tectonics explains the movement of the Earth's lithosphere through the interaction of tectonic plates.

• The theory of plate tectonics is a concept related to the formation of clouds in the atmosphere

What causes volcanoes to erupt?

• Build-up of pressure from molten rock (magma) beneath the Earth's surface

• Release of excessive rainfall

• Movement of tectonic plates

• Excessive heat from the sun

How are earthquakes measured?

• Seismographs are used to measure earthquakes.

• Thermometers are used to measure earthquakes.

What are fossils and how are they formed?

• Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past. They are formed when an organism is buried by sediment and the organic materials are gradually replaced by minerals.

• Fossils are the result of animals turning into rocks over time

• Fossils are created when animals die and decompose in the open air

• Fossils are formed when organisms are exposed to extreme heat and pressure

What are the five characteristics of minerals?

• synthetic, biological, plasma, changing chemical composition, and chaotic internal structure

• man-made, organic, liquid, variable chemical composition, and disordered internal structure

• artificial, living, gas, undefined chemical composition, and random internal structure

• naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, definite chemical composition, and ordered internal structure

What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?

• diamond

• gypsum

• quartz

• calcite

How do geologists use minerals to interpret the history of the Earth?

• By using minerals to predict future geological events

• By studying the composition, structure, and distribution of minerals to understand the geological processes and environmental conditions of the past.

• By analyzing the color of minerals to determine the Earth's history

• By measuring the hardness of minerals to understand the Earth's past

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

• Weathering breaks down rocks, while erosion transports the broken materials.

• Weathering and erosion are the same process

• Weathering only occurs in deserts

• Erosion only occurs in cold climates