Heredity Concept 3: Mutations and Pedigrees

What is a mutation?

• A form of cancer

• A change in DNA sequence

• A protein synthesis error

• A type of virus

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What are somatic mutations?

• Mutations that occur in germ line cells

• Mutations that can lead to cancer

• Mutations that do not affect the organism

• Mutations that are beneficial

What can cause mutations?

• Drinking water

• Physical exercise

• Eating healthy food

• Radiation and chemicals

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Are all mutations harmful?

• Only in plants

• Only in animals

• No, not necessarily

• Yes, always

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

What is a gene mutation?

• A change in the entire chromosome

• A change to the original DNA sequence

• A mutation that cannot be inherited

• A mutation that affects the skin only

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a point mutation?

• The duplication of a gene

• The removal of a chromosome

• Substituting one nucleotide for another

• Adding an extra chromosome

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is nondisjunction?

• The exchange of chromosome segments

• A type of gene mutation

• Chromosomes not separating correctly during anaphase

• The correct separation of chromosomes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What is a pedigree chart used for?

• To record the names of ancestors

• To trace the phenotypes and genotypes in a family

• To determine the age of family members

• To trace physical characteristics like height

What indicates an autosomal recessive trait in a pedigree?

• Disease is rare and often skips generations

• All offspring are affected

• Disease is common and does not skip generations

• Only males are affected

How can you identify a sex-linked recessive trait in a pedigree?

• The trait appears in every generation

• There are way more males than females affected

• Affected fathers pass the trait to their sons

• More females than males are affected