Genetics Vocabulary

What is a chromosome?

• An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits

• A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule associated proteins.

• Different forms of a gene

• A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

What is a gene?

• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

• A pair of pants

• An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.

• Describes an organism with two different alleles for the same trait.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

What does recessive mean?

• In a pair of alleles, the one that, if present, determines the trait (represented with uppercase letters)

• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

• Describes a trait that is masked by another form of the trait and seems to disappear

• Describes an organism will two identical alleles for a trait. AA or aa

What is an allele?

• Genetic make up of an organism

• An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits

• the offspring of many generations that have the same traits. Homozygous

• Different forms of a gene

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What does dominant mean?

• In a pair of alleles, the one that, if present, determines that trait. (represented with uppercase letters)

• Describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait. Aa

• Describes a trait that is masked or dominated by another form of that trait and seems to disappear.

• A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.

What is the function of DNA?

• To create proteins that regulate the body's tissues and organs

• To provide energy for cells

• A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

• To fight infections and other diseases

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

What is homozygous?

• Describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait

• Describes an organism with two identical alleles for a trait. AA or aa

• A type of chromosome that is not involved in determining sex

• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

What is phenotype?

• The genetic makeup of an organism

• The physical appearance or visible traits of an organism

• Different forms of a gene

• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

What is heterozygous?

• Describes an organism with two identical alleles for a trait. AA or aa

• Describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait. Aa

• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

• A type of chromosome that is not involved in determining sex

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is hybrid?

• Different forms of a gene

• An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait.

• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

• the offspring of many generations that have the same traits. Homozygous

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4