Types of Non-Adherence and Problems of Non-Adherence

What is the definition of adherence according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?

• The degree to which the person's behavior corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a health care provider

• The degree to which the person's behavior corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a family member

• The degree to which the person's behavior corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a friend

• The degree to which the person's behavior corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a colleague

What are the two main types of non-adherence mentioned in the text?

• Failure to follow medication and failure to take rest

• Failure to follow treatments and failure to attend appointments

• Failure to follow instructions and failure to communicate

• Failure to follow diet and failure to exercise

What is primary non-adherence?

• When a doctor advises a treatment, but the patient refuses to follow it

• When a doctor writes a prescription, but the medication is never collected

• When a doctor prescribes a medication, but the patient takes it at incorrect times

• When a doctor prescribes a medication, but the patient forgets to take it

What is non-persistence in terms of non-adherence?

• When the patient starts to take the medication but stops without being advised to do so by a medical professional

• When the patient never starts the medication prescribed by the doctor

• When the patient takes the medication at incorrect times

• When the patient takes the medication in incorrect doses

Which of the following is an example of non-conforming non-adherence?

• Forgetting to take medication

• Failing to collect a prescribed medication

• Taking medication at the wrong time

• Stopping medication without medical advice

What is intentional non-adherence?

• Non-adherence that occurs due to difficulty accessing medication

• Non-adherence that occurs due to miscommunication between the patient and the medical professional

• Non-adherence that occurs due to the patient's forgetfulness

• Non-adherence that takes place due to patients' beliefs, attitudes, and motivation

What is the approximate rate of non-adherence to medication in developed countries according to WHO?

• 92%

• 25%

• 10%

• 50%

What are the potential economic consequences of non-adherence in terms of medication waste?

• Reduced healthcare costs due to decreased medication usage

• Increased cost of medication

• Increased revenue for pharmaceutical companies

• Huge economic consequences and potential issues relating to supply and demand

What are the consequences of non-adherence in terms of time lost due to missed appointments?

• Millions of appointments were missed in 2000, at an estimated cost of £150 million

• No significant impact on time and cost

• Decreased number of missed appointments

• Increased number of missed appointments

What are the consequences of non-adherence in terms of the progression of illness?

• Possible hospitalisation or requirement of stronger treatments

• No impact on the progression of illness

• Decreased progression of illness

• Improved health outcomes due to natural healing processes