Philosophy Unit 2 Review

What was Anaximander's proposed fundamental substance of the cosmos?

• Water

• Air

• The Boundless (Apeiron)

• Fire

According to Anaximenes, what is the primary substance from which everything originates?

• Water

• Air

• The Boundless (Apeiron)

• Fire

What is the key mathematical concept associated with Pythagoras and his followers?

• Calculus

• Trigonometry

• The Pythagorean Theorem

• Geometry

What is the central idea of the Socratic method?

• Lecturing

• Dialogue and questioning

• Memorization

• Meditation

Aristotle's Doctrine of the Mean suggests that virtue is found between two extremes. What are these extremes called?

• Vices

• Extremities

• Poles

• Averages

What were the main charges against Socrates during his trial?

• Impiety and corrupting the youth

• Treason and theft

• Blasphemy and sedition

• Conspiracy and fraud

In the Allegory of the Cave, what does the sun represent?

• Absolute truth

• Enlightenment

• Physical light

• Deception

According to Plato, who should rule in an ideal state?

• The Military

• Aristocrats

• Philosopher-Kings

• The Proletariate

According to hedonism, what is the highest good?

• Knowledge

• Pleasure

• Virtue

• Wealth

According to Stoicism, what is the key to achieving tranquility and happiness?

• Pursuit of pleasure

• Indifference to external events

• Material wealth

• Power and control