The image depicts the heating curve for water. Which of the following is an accurate listing of phase changes which are exothermic and phase changes which are endothermic and why?

Exothermic – freezing, condensation Endothermic – melting, evaporation Explanation: Freezing and condensation release heat, causing molecules to move slower, allowing attractive forces to pull molecules closer. Melting and evaporation absorb heat, causing molecules to move faster and break attractive forces between molecules.

Exothermic – melting, evaporation Endothermic – freezing, condensation Explanation: Melting and evaporation release heat, causing molecules to move slower, allowing attractive forces to pull molecules closer. Freezing and condensation absorb heat, causing molecules to move faster and break attractive forces between molecules.

Exothermic – melting, condensation Endothermic – freezing, evaporation Explanation: Melting and condensation release heat, causing molecules to move slower, allowing attractive forces to pull molecules closer. Freezing and evaporation absorb heat, causing molecules to move faster and break

Exothermic – melting, freezing Endothermic – evaporation, condensation Explanation: Melting and freezing release heat, causing molecules to move slower, allowing attractive forces to pull molecules closer. Condensation and evaporation absorb heat, causing molecules to move faster and break attractive forces between molecules.

The heating curve for water from -25°C to 125°C is shown in the image. Five regions labelled A, B, C, D, and E represent various processes that occur as water is heated. Why does the temperature remain constant in regions B and D of the heating curve?

Region B corresponds to the freezing point of water and region D corresponds to the boiling point of water. The temperature cannot change until all the water has changed from solid to liquid (region B) or from liquid to gas (region D).

Region B corresponds to where solid water (ice) is being heated and region D corresponds to where liquid water is being heated. The temperature cannot change until all the water reaches the same temperature.

Region B corresponds to the melting point of water and region D corresponds to the sublimation temperature of water. The temperature cannot change until all the water has melted to liquid or turned to gas.

Region B corresponds to where liquid water is being heated and region D corresponds to where water vapor is being heated. The temperature cannot change until all the water reaches the same temperature.

A student designed an experiment to test the following hypothesis: If a small pan of cold water (T2) is placed in a larger pan of hot water (T1), the cold water will become hot. What is the expected result of the experiment and why?

The hot water and the cold water will become warm because of the transfer of heat by conduction. Heat will then be transferred to the molecules of the cold water in the inner pan and throughout the cold water by convection.

The hot water will become cooler because heat will be transferred from the cooler water by conduction through the pan of cold water to the water molecules in the pan of hot water causing them to slow down.

The cold water will become hotter because the transfer of heat from the hot water to the cold water will occur as the result of the hot water coming into contact with the cold water. The warm water will mix with cold water by convection.

The hot water and the cold water will remain at the same temperature because placing the cold water in the pan of hot water will cause warming of the pan with the cold water so that both pans become warmer.

A student designed an experiment to test the hypothesis that even very cold objects like ice contain heat. The student obtained liquid air, at a temperature of -200 °C, stored in a thermally insulated flask. Under the supervision of the teacher, the student immersed a block of ice at a temperature of -12 °C in the liquid air. The temperature of the ice was measured over time. What is the expected result of the experiment and why?

The liquid air will boil because the extreme difference in temperature will cause heat to be transferred from the ice to the liquid air and the molecules of the liquid air will begin to leave the liquid.

The ice will become colder because the extreme difference in temperature will cause the particles of ice to slow down and increase in temperature.

The ice will become warmer because the extreme difference in temperature will cause the particles of ice to gain kinetic energy, speed up and increase in temperature.

The liquid air will freeze because the extreme difference in temperature will cause heat to be transferred to the ice and the molecules of the liquid air will move slower.

Ashley observed charcoal briquettes in a grill, and after a while, she saw that they became red-hot. Which situation has the same type of energy transformation as those that Ashley observed in the briquettes?

A candle burning at night has the same kind of energy transformations.

A person eating a hamburger has the same kind of energy transformations.

A laser pointer projecting red light has the same kind of energy transformations.

Plant leaves have the same kind of energy transformations when they receive sunlight.

Which example BEST demonstrates the conversion of nuclear energy into electrical energy?

A reactor generates heat by splitting uranium, creating steam that turns turbines to generate electricity.

Friction of water molecules in a cloud causes a large buildup of electrons in one area. When the voltage is large enough, a lightning bolt occurs.

In a hydro-electric dam, a large amount of water molecules flows downward from a water reservoir, turning turbines that generate electricity.

A fully charged battery is attached to a closed electrical circuit, causing electrons to flow through the circuit.

Marcus wants to investigate how thermal energy can be transferred by convection. Which of the following scenarios would be a reasonable investigation?

Studying the transfer of heat by measuring the temperature of the water at the top of a body of water and at the bottom to determine which way the warm water will flow.

Studying the transfer of heat by sticking a metal spoon into a cup of hot water to determine if the handle of the spoon will heat up or not.

Studying the transfer of heat by taking the temperature of the air beside a fire and farther away from a fire to determine how far away the heat can be detected.

Studying the transfer of heat by taking the temperature on the outside and the inside of a wooden door facing the sun to determine if the heat can move through the door.

Which of the following correctly describes an energy transformation that can be observed in an everyday situation?

Ice in soda glass melts when it is placed in sunlight on a window sill. Radiant energy from the sun is absorbed by the water molecules, which increases the speed that the molecules move. This is a transformation between light energy and kinetic energy.

Gasoline burns and powers a car engine when the bonds are broken between the molecules and the free electrons flow. This is a transformation between electromagnetic energy and chemical energy.

A pot of water is heated by a stove as the heat energy moves from the stove top to the metal of the pot. This is a transformation between mechanical energy and thermal energy.

The sun is powered by the fusion of large atomic nuclei that creates heat and light for the solar system. This is a transformation between chemical energy and light energy.

Which of the following accurately explains the energy transformation that happens when a match is lit, and why?

Chemical energy is transformed to heat and light energy because the match head burns and changes color.

Heat energy is transformed to electromagnetic and light energy because the match head burns and creates flames.

Heat energy is transformed into light and chemical energy because the match head creates friction as it strikes the surface.

Chemical energy is transformed into heat and potential energy because the match head particles begin to move more rapidly when burning.

HS Unit 5 Energy Practice Test Quiz

1.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Based on your analysis of the graph, which scenario releases the greatest amount of heat?

Allowing 1 g of boiling water at 100 °C to cool to 0 °C.

Allowing 1 g of steam at 140 °C to cool to steam at 100 °C.

Allowing 1 g of steam at 100 °C to condense to liquid water at 100 °C.

Allowing 1 g of liquid water at 0 °C to cool to solid ice at -20 °C.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

2.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the type of heat transfer Jonathan is MOST LIKELY investigating?

radiation

convection

conduction

condensation

3.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The graph shows the heating curve of an unknown substance. What is the boiling point of this substance?

10 °C

25 °C

40 °C

60 °C

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

4.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Anna is experimenting with pure water and salty water. She first adds heat to frozen pure water. Then, she draws the following heating curve. Afterwards, she takes a frozen, concentrated solution of salt water and adds heat to it. She notices that it melts at a lower temperature than the frozen pure water, but boils at a higher temperature. Which BEST predicts how Anna's heating curve changes for her concentrated solution of salt water?

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

5.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

On a spring afternoon in Georgia, Stephen, a vegetable-grower, heard that the National Weather Service had issued a freeze warning for that night and forecast the temperature to fall just below 0 °C. He wanted to protect his plants, so he waited until dusk and showered them with as much water as he could. The next morning, he saw that the plants had been saved. If the water Stephen used was at temperature of 40°C, which segment or segments of the cooling curve represent the process that saved the vegetable plants?

DC

DE

DC + DE

DE + EF

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

6.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Iceland has become energy self-sufficient because Icelanders have learned to harness the energy from the island's many volcanoes. Magma below ground helps generate steam. This steam is captured by facilities above ground that use turbines to generate power for the people of Iceland. What is the sequence of energy transformations occurring in Iceland?

Thermal energy is transformed into electrical energy, which is transformed into mechanical energy

Thermal energy is transformed into mechanical energy, which is transformed into electrical energy.

Chemical energy is transformed into electrical

energy, which is transformed into mechanical

energy.

Chemical energy is transformed into mechanical

energy, which is transformed into electrical

energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

7.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What conclusion can be drawn from the data?

Stainless steel cans will keep soda colder longer than aluminum cans.

Aluminum cans will keep soda colder longer than stainless steel cans.

Stainless steel cookware will heat up faster than copper cookware.

Cast iron cookware will cool off faster than aluminum cookware.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

8.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the BEST explanation for why cookware that is made of metallic materials typically will have handles made of non-metallic materials?

The specific heat capacity of non-metals are typically greater than that of metals, making them heat up faster.

The specific heat capacity of non-metallic materials makes them slower to heat up compared to metals.

The thermal conductivity of metals makes them faster to heat up compared to non-metallic materials.

The thermal conductivity of metals makes them slower to heat up compared to non-metallic materials.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

9.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A student designed an experiment to determine the best material to use to make cookware. Spherical balls of tin, aluminum, copper, and glass of equal masses were heated in boiling water until each reached a temperature of 100 °C. They were all placed on a thin sheet of paraffin wax at the same time. Based on the table of specific heats, what is the predicted order of melting of the paraffin wax by the materials from first to last and why?

Aluminum, glass, tin, copper because the higher specific heat, the slower the material will transfer heat.

Copper, tin, glass, aluminum because the lower the specific heat, the faster the material will transfer heat.

Aluminum, tin, copper, glass because metals are poor conductors of heat and transfer heat slowly.

Copper, tin, aluminum, glass because metals are good conductors of heat and transfer heat faster.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

10.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Kinetic energy in the form of heat increases the motion of the molecules. Regions B and D of the heating curve represent segments of the curve where heat is being added, but the temperature is not changing. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for regions B and D of the curve and why?

The substance freezes or condenses because it is undergoing an exothermic phase change.

The substance melts or evaporates because it is undergoing an endothermic phase change.

The substance sublimes or deposits because it is undergoing an exothermic phase change.

The substance freezes or evaporates because it is undergoing an endothermic phase change.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

HS Unit 5 Energy Practice Test

20 questions

Based on your analysis of the graph, which scenario releases the greatest amount of heat?

What is the type of heat transfer Jonathan is MOST LIKELY investigating?

The graph shows the heating curve of an unknown substance. What is the boiling point of this substance?

What conclusion can be drawn from the data?

What is the BEST explanation for why cookware that is made of metallic materials typically will have handles made of non-metallic materials?

Kinetic energy in the form of heat increases the motion of the molecules. Regions B and D of the heating curve represent segments of the curve where heat is being added, but the temperature is not changing. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for regions B and D of the curve and why?

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