The Second and Third Law of Thermodynamics

In the process of trying to cool a substance to the lowest possible temperature, which law of thermodynamics is the reason why we cannot achieve absolute zero?

• 1st

• 2nd

• 3rd

• Zeroth

Hot steel ball bearings are dropped into a large bucket of cool water. Which graph BEST represents the changes in temperature that will occur?

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Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

A solid object heated to 120°C is placed inside a container of water at 37°C. What is the BEST explanation of the resulting change in temperature?

• The temperature of both the water and solid will decrease.

• The temperature of the solid will decrease and the water will decrease.

• The temperature of the water will remain constant; the temperature of the solid will decrease

• The temperature of the water will increase; the temperature of the solid will decrease.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

In the transition from ice to water and then to steam, why does entropy increase?

• Molecular disorder increases

• Molecular randomness decreases

• Molecules are more energetic

• Molecules are more reactive

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

In a melting ice cube, ___________ is the randomness or disorder of the system as it changes from solid to liquid.

• Temperature

• Heat

• Entropy

• Energy

In a closed room where a party is happening and everyone is dancing, the entropy of the room tends to ______________.

• increase

• decrease

• stay constant

• fluctuate wildly

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

The efficiency of an ideal machine is 100% but an actual machine's efficiency will always be less than 100%because of the second law of thermodynamics which states that

• energy is neither created or destroyed, it changes form

• energy is released into the environment as light energy.

• energy is released into the environment as thermal energy

• energy is released into the environment as sound energy.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Entropy is the amount of disorder in a system. The third law of thermodynamics explains the conditions for attaining minimum entropy. Which fundamental process will get a system to this state?

• Cooling to absolute zero temperature
• Heating to absolute zero temperature
• Adding more energy to the system

James heats a metal rod to 75°C and drops it into a bucket of tap water. How does the motion of the water molecules change as a result?

• The motion of the water molecules will decrease
• The motion of the water molecules will stay the same
• The motion of the water molecules will become solid
• The motion of the water molecules will increase

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-2

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

When water at 0°C freezes, the entropy of the water

• decreases
• increases
• remains constant
• becomes negative