DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis Test

A body cell in an organism develops a DNA mutation. This beneficial mutation causes production of a more efficient enzyme for digestion. Where will the mutation be found over time?

• in the organism only
• in the organism’s immediate offspring only

If a gene for a protein suffers a base-pair substitution, which will be the MOST LIKELY result when the gene is expressed?

• A frame shift will occur, and different proteins will be produced.
• The protein produced may be nonfunctioning or shortened.

The substitution of adenine for thymine in a certain human gene causes the genetic disorder Sickle cell anemia. However, if the thymine nucleotide is removed from the gene altogether it causes a lethal mutation. Why is a deletion mutation such as this, more serious than a nucleotide substitution?

• Deletion mutations can cause entire chromosomes and all of the genes on them to be lost
• A nucleotide deletion causes a frame-shift mutation which causes the codons to be incorrectly grouped, producing an incorrect amino acid sequence

Given a DNA strand of gga-ctc-ctc-ttc-aga, if it becomes gga-ctc-ctc-tta-cag-a, this is an example of

• substitution mutation
• insertion mutation

A mutation of DNA by the addition or removal of a single nitrogen-containing base is known as a _____________ mutation which shifts the rest of the DNA sequence.

• inversion
• frameshift

Because of the base pairing rule in DNA, the percentage of:

• Adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules
• Thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules

In DNA replication the result is two DNA molecules that have:

• Each with one new strand and one original strand
• Each with two original strands

Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?

• Phosphate group, guanine and cytosine
• Ribose, phosphate group, and guanine

Which nitrogen base distinguishes a DNA strand from a RNA strand?

• Uracil
• Adenine

From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

• rRNA
• DNA