Computer Science: Operating Systems

What is an operating system?

• A musical instrument

• An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and provides services for computer programs.

• A cooking utensil

• A type of computer monitor

Name three popular operating systems used today.

• Windows, macOS, Linux

• Android

• iOS

• Unix

What is the role of a kernel in an operating system?

• The role of a kernel in an operating system is to manage the system's resources and provide essential services for all other parts of the operating system and applications.

• The role of a kernel in an operating system is to control the weather

• The role of a kernel in an operating system is to make coffee for the computer

• The role of a kernel in an operating system is to provide entertainment for users

Explain the difference between multitasking and multiprogramming in operating systems.

• In multitasking, only one program is in memory, while in multiprogramming, multiple programs are executed simultaneously.

• The main difference is that multitasking involves executing multiple tasks simultaneously, while multiprogramming involves having multiple programs in memory at the same time, but only one program is executing at any given time.

• Multitasking involves running multiple programs simultaneously, while multiprogramming involves running only one program at a time.

• Multitasking and multiprogramming are essentially the same concept with different names.

What is virtual memory and how does it work in an operating system?

• Virtual memory is a type of physical memory that is directly accessed by the CPU

• Virtual memory works by permanently storing data in RAM to increase the speed of the computer

• Virtual memory is only used in older operating systems and is not relevant in modern systems

• Virtual memory is a memory management technique that provides an idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine, which creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory. It works by using a combination of hardware and software to allow a computer to compensate for physical memory shortages, temporarily transferring data from random access memory (RAM) to disk storage.

What is a file system and what are its functions in an operating system?

• A file system is a physical device used to store files and data in an operating system.

• A file system is a method for storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain. Its functions in an operating system include managing the allocation of space on the storage device, providing a way to organize and access files, and ensuring data integrity and security.

• The functions of a file system in an operating system include controlling the temperature of the hardware components.

• A file system is a type of computer software that manages data files in a computer's storage devices.

Explain the concept of process scheduling in operating systems.

• Process scheduling in operating systems is the method used to allocate system resources to processes.

• Process scheduling is the method used to allocate memory to processes.

• Process scheduling is the method used to allocate network bandwidth to processes.

• Process scheduling is the method used to allocate storage space to processes.

What is the purpose of device drivers in an operating system?

• To provide entertainment for the user

• To improve the battery life of the device

• To increase the speed of the internet connection

• The purpose of device drivers in an operating system is to enable the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.

What is the difference between a process and a thread in an operating system?

• A process and a thread are the same thing

• Threads are used for input/output operations while processes are used for computation

• A process cannot contain multiple threads

• The main difference is that a process is a standalone program while a thread is a component of a process.

Explain the concept of deadlock in operating systems and how it can be prevented.

• Deadlock happens when a process is waiting for a resource, and it can be prevented by terminating all processes.

• Deadlock in operating systems occurs when two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource. This can be prevented using various techniques such as resource allocation graphs, deadlock detection algorithms, and implementing a protocol to prevent circular wait.

• Deadlock occurs when a process is unable to proceed because it is waiting for a resource, and it can be prevented by increasing the system's processing power.

• Deadlock is when a process is waiting for a resource, and it can be prevented by allowing all processes to access all resources simultaneously.