APGoPo Unit 5: Weeks 3-5 Key Terms

1. Engaging in activities to apply pressure to influence government, especially legislators.

• Picketing

• Lobbying

• Networking

• 1. Free-riding

1. The tendency to seek out and interpret information in a way that confirms what you already believe.

• 1. Confirmation bias

• 1. Upper-class bias

• 1. Free-rider problem

• 1. Coattail effect

1. A voting process in which voters receive a long ballot containing the names of all contenders, regardless of party, and can vote however they choose.

• 1. Blanket primary

• 1. Open primary

• 1. Invisible primary

• 1. Closed primary

1. An act passed by Congress in 2002 which banned soft money contributions to political parties, increased the limits on hard money donations from individuals, PACs, and the national parties for each election cycle.

• 1. Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)

• 1. Help America Vote Act (HAVA)

• 1. Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

• 1. Political Action Committee Act (PACA)

1. An Electoral system in which the candidate that receives the most of the popular vote in a given state receives all of that state’s electoral votes.

• 1. Proportional system

• 1. Popular voting

• 1. Equal system

• 1. Winner-take-all voting

1. Bonds among a bureaucratic agency, congressional committee, and an interest group that join forces to create policy.

• 1. Bureaucratic triangles

• 1. Steel triangles

• 1. Policy triangles

• 1. Iron triangles

1. An independent regulatory agency that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across the United States.

• 1. Federal Cable Commission

• 1. Federal Elections Commission

• 1. The Federal Reserve

• 1. Federal Communications Commission

1. Due to the fact that many interest groups charge to be a member, interest groups tend to be made-up of more upper class members, meaning that more of their views are being heard than the average person.

• 1. Confirmation bias

• 1. Upper-class bias

• 1. Free-rider problem

• 1. Coattail effect

1. A collective of interest groups, policymakers, experts, etc. who collaborate to create specific policy on one issue.

• 1. Issue Networks

• 1. Iron Triangles

• 1. Political Action Committees

• Lobbyists

1. Journalism that focuses on who is winning or ahead in the polls rather than on candidates' policy agenda or debates.

• 1. Investigative journalism

• 1. Political journalism

• 1. Horse-race journalism

• 1. Editorial journalism