vocab

internal boundaries

• Separation between different species
• are used at the subnational scale to divide countries into smaller units.

• Physical barriers within a building
• Boundaries between different time zones

electoral geography. 

• Study of geographical features in election campaigns
• Geography of voting machines
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  Using spatial thinking techniques and tools to analyze elections and voting patterns is called

• Geographical distribution of political parties

voting districts 

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   Internal boundaries that divide a country's electorate into subnational regions are called

• Voting districts are based on the income level of the residents.
• Voting districts are determined by the political party in power.
• Voting districts are areas where only certain demographics are allowed to vote.

electorate

• The process of counting votes in an election
• The elected officials in a country or area
• The group of people who are not allowed to vote in an election
• People of a country who are eligible to vote, known as the 

census

• a count of the population, every 10 years, to ensure the national congressional districts have approximately the same number of people. 

• a report on economic trends
• a study of plant and animal species
• a survey of consumer preferences

reapportionment

• Redrawing state borders based on political party affiliation
• Adjusting the number of senators per state based on land area
• changing the number of representatives granted to each state so it reflects the state's population. 

• Changing the voting age for federal elections

redistricting

• Recounting of votes in an election
• The process of selecting a jury for a trial
• (State legislatures or state committees then redraw district boundaries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people. )Process of drawing electoral district boundaries

• The act of redrawing state borders

Gerrymandering

• Redrawing state borders
• Adjusting campaign finance laws
• is the drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party in power to protect or increase its power.

• Changing voting age requirements

Results of Gerrymandering

• Increased voter turnout
• Fair distribution of political power
• Decreased political polarization
•  By carefully drawing district boundaries, politicians can create "safe seats" that are highly likely to elect members of their own party.

Discrimination

• Indifference towards different categories of people or things
• Favorable treatment of different categories of people or things
• Equal and fair treatment of all people
•  Gerrymandering has often been used to reduce representation of African Americans and other minorities in government.