Multiple Sclerosis

What is multiple sclerosis?

• A genetic disorder affecting muscle coordination

• A type of cancer affecting the brain

• A demyelinating disease of the central nervous system

• A viral infection of the spinal cord

What cells produce myelin in the central nervous system?

• Neurons

• Erythrocytes

• Macrophages

• Oligodendrocytes

What triggers the immune system to attack myelin in multiple sclerosis?

• Genetic mutation

• Inappropriate immune response

• Viral infection

• Bacterial infection

What is the role of T-cells in the pathology of multiple sclerosis?

• They prevent the immune response

• They repair damaged neurons

• They produce myelin

• They attack myelin, leading to demyelination

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is multiple sclerosis classified as?

• Type IV

• Type I

• Type II

• Type III

What is a common symptom trio in multiple sclerosis known as Charcot's neurologic triad?

• Fever, headache, and nausea

• Dysarthria, nystagmus, and intention tremor

• Cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing

• Rash, joint pain, and fatigue

What is the most common pattern of multiple sclerosis?

• Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

• Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

• Progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis

• Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis

Which environmental factor might explain higher rates of multiple sclerosis at the poles compared to the equator?

• Higher exposure to infectious diseases

• Increased consumption of fatty foods

• Cold temperatures

• Less sunlight and vitamin D deficiency

What is the purpose of immunosuppressants in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

• To increase the production of T-cells

• To decrease levels of inflammatory cytokines

• To stimulate the production of myelin

• To promote myelin repair

How is the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis supported?

• Blood tests showing high levels of antibodies

• MRI showing multiple central nervous system lesions

• A positive response to antibiotic treatment

• Genetic testing for HLA-DR2