What is the role of topoisomerases in DNA replication?

They break and rejoin the double helix to prevent knots and twists.

They prevent the single-strand DNA from recombining.

They initiate the replication at origins of replication.

They replace RNA primers with DNA nucleotides.

What provides the energy for DNA elongation?

The breaking of bonds holding two extra phosphates attached to each nucleotide

The formation of the replication fork

The recombination of the double-stranded DNA

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

It synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides

It relieves the strain of unwinding by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands

It synthesizes RNA primers needed to start replication

What is the function of RNA primer during DNA replication?

It provides a starting point for DNA synthesis

It prevents the DNA double helix from re-annealing

It adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing DNA strand

It joins Okazaki fragments together

How does telomerase solve the problem of DNA loss at the end of the lagging strand during replication?

By adding a short sequence of DNA nucleotides over and over.

By removing the primers more efficiently.

By replicating the DNA in the extended region of the template strand.

By preventing DNA polymerase from attaching to the template strand.

What is the role of DNA polymerase I in the replication process at the end of the DNA strand?

It replaces the RNA primer with DNA nucleotides.

It removes the RNA primers from the DNA strand.

It extends the DNA template strand by adding nucleotides.

It prevents the loss of important coding DNA.

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

It provides the template for sequencing amino acids.

It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

It forms the building blocks of ribosomes.

It attaches to amino acids and transfers them to the mRNA.

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during protein synthesis?

It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

It synthesizes new strands of DNA.

It provides the template for sequencing amino acids.

It forms the large and small ribosome subunits.

What is the significance of the 'wobble' in the interaction between tRNA and mRNA?

It allows a single tRNA to base-pair with more than one kind of codon.

It allows for the exact base-pairing between the third nucleotide of the tRNA anticodon and the mRNA codon.

It prevents the tRNA from attaching to the mRNA.

It synthesizes new strands of DNA.

What are ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules responsible for in the cell?

Building the structure of ribosomes.

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome.

Providing the template for sequencing amino acids.

Attaching to amino acids and transferring them to the mRNA.

What is the first step of translation in protein synthesis?

The small ribosomal subunit attaches to the mRNA at the start codon.

The tRNA in the P site is released.

A new tRNA carrying an amino acid binds to the A site of the ribosome.

The ribosome encounters one of the three stop codons.

What occurs during the termination phase of translation?

The ribosome encounters one of the three stop codons.

The small ribosomal subunit attaches to the mRNA.

A new tRNA carrying an amino acid binds to the A site of the ribosome.

What is the role of GTP in translation?

It acts as an energy supplier, similar to ATP.

It attaches amino acids to tRNA.

It releases the ribosomal subunits.

It binds the mRNA to the ribosome.

What is a mutation in the context of DNA replication?

An error in the DNA sequence that does not match the original DNA molecule from which it was copied

The process by which DNA is copied into RNA

A change in the DNA sequence that is exactly the same as the original DNA molecule

The replacement of a damaged nucleotide with a correct one during DNA replication

What is a point mutation?

A mutation affecting only one nucleotide in the DNA sequence

A mutation that occurs during the formation of chromatin

A mutation that results in the addition of multiple nucleotides

A mutation that repairs a damaged nucleotide

What is a frameshift mutation?

A mutation that shifts the "reading frame" of the genetic message by inserting or deleting nucleotides

A mutation that changes a single nucleotide but does not affect the reading frame

A mutation that results in the substitution of one nucleotide for another

A mutation that repairs a frameshift in the DNA sequence

What is the result of a silent mutation?

The new codon codes for the same amino acid as the original

The new codon codes for a different amino acid

The new codon codes for a stop codon

The mutation causes a frameshift in the DNA sequence

What is the role of proofreading by DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

To ensure that each new nucleotide correctly base pairs with the template strand

To add new nucleotides to the growing RNA strand

To remove and replace nucleotides damaged by mutagens

To tightly compact DNA into heterochromatin

What is a characteristic of the lac operon in E. coli when lactose is not available?

The repressor is active, preventing RNA polymerase from transcribing genes that break down lactose.

The repressor is inactivated, allowing RNA polymerase to transcribe genes.

The repressor is active, and RNA polymerase can transcribe genes that break down lactose.

The activator proteins bind to the operator region, allowing gene transcription.

What makes the enzymes produced by the trp operon in E. coli repressible enzymes?

They are produced only in the presence of an active repressor.

They are produced continuously without regulation.

They are produced only when the substrate for the enzyme is present.

They are produced only when the repressor is inactivated.

Which of the following is a function of the promoter region in gene expression?

It is the sequence of DNA to which the RNA polymerase attaches to begin transcription.

It blocks the action of RNA polymerase when occupied by a repressor protein.

It produces repressor proteins that occupy the operator region.

It contains DNA sequences that code for several related enzymes.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of gene expression in eukaryotic cells?

DNA ligase repairing mismatched base pairs

Regulatory proteins binding to a promoter region

Nucleosome packing influencing DNA transcription

RNA interference blocking mRNA transcription or translation

What is the role of acetylation in the context of nucleosome packing?

It adds acetyl groups to histones, allowing for transcription of specific DNA regions.

It tightens the packing of DNA, making transcription more difficult.

It adds methyl groups to histones, promoting gene expression.

It removes acetyl groups from histones, leading to tighter DNA packing.

What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in the creation of recombinant DNA?

To cut DNA at specific recognition sequences

To repair damaged DNA sequences

To add new nucleotides to the DNA strand

To facilitate the replication of DNA

What are 'sticky ends' in the context of recombinant DNA?

The unpaired extensions of DNA that result from the cutting action of restriction enzymes

The segments of DNA that are removed during the cutting process

The regions of DNA that are resistant to being cut by restriction enzymes

The parts of DNA that are ligated together by DNA ligase

What is the ultimate goal of introducing a recombinant plasmid into E. coli in the context provided?

To produce insulin which is isolated and used to treat diabetes

To enhance the growth rate of E. coli

To create a new strain of E. coli with different genetic characteristics

To study the effects of foreign DNA on bacterial cells

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis?

To separate DNA fragments based on length

To insert foreign genes into bacteria

To suppress transcription in DNA

What is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used for?

To copy DNA fragments millions of times

To separate DNA fragments by length

To insert foreign genes into bacteria

To determine evolutionary relationships

The two strands of a DNA molecule are connected by

hydrogen bonds between the bases of one strand and the bases of the second strand

hydrogen bonds between the codons and anticodons

hydrogen bonds between deoxyribose sugar molecules of one strand and deoxyribose molecules of the second strand

covalent bonds between phosphate groups

covalent bonds between the nitrogen bases

All of the following combinations of nucleotides are examples of normal base-pairing EXCEPT:

a thymine RNA nucleotide to an adenine DNA nucleotide

an adenine DNA nucleotide to a thymine DNA nucleotide

a guanine DNA nucleotide to a cytosine DNA nucleotide

a cytosine RNA nucleotide to a guanine DNA nucleotide

a uracil RNA nucleotide to an adenine DNA nucleotide

AP Biology Unit 6 Review

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64 Qs

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AP Biology Unit 6 Review

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11th Grade

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Dr. Kagan

Used 12+ times

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It unwinds the DNA helix, forming a replication fork.

It assembles the new DNA strand in Okazaki fragments.

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AP Biology Unit 6 Review

64 questions

What is the function of DNA?

Which sugar is found in the nucleotide components of DNA?

What is the structure of RNA?

What is the process called when the DNA molecule is separated into two strands, each of which serves as a template to assemble a new, complementary strand?

How is RNA different from DNA?

What is the term used to describe the DNA replication process where each double-stranded DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand?

What is the function of helicase during DNA replication?

Which strand is synthesized continuously as the double-helix DNA uncoils?

What is the role of topoisomerases in DNA replication?

What are Okazaki fragments associated with?

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