Biogeochemical Cycles Review

Which statement best explains how the animals in the diagram contribute to the carbon cycle?

• They eat plants and other organisms that contain carbon which prevents it from ever being stored.

• They eat plants and other organisms which contain carbon and deposit carbon into the soil when they die.

• They remove carbon from the atmosphere during respiration and replace it with oxygen that is used in photosynthesis.

• They remove carbon from the soil during respiration and exchange it with oxygen that evaporates into the atmosphere.

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What is the primary outcome of the combustion of fossil fuels?

• It leads to the production of renewable energy sources.

• It results in the conversion of fossil fuels into solid waste.

• It causes the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

• It transforms carbon dioxide into oxygen, reducing greenhouse gases.

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What best describes the process that leads to the formation of fossil fuels?

• A natural process involving the transformation of organic material under high pressure and heat over millions of years

• A rapid process where organic material is converted into energy through combustion

• The decomposition of organic material in the presence of sunlight to produce energy

• The conversion of organic material into renewable energy sources without the use of heat or pressure

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During the process of nitrogen fixation, nitrogen gas is converted by bacteria to what substance?

• water

• phosphorous

• ammonia

• carbon dioxide

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What process describes the movement of water from the earth's surface into the atmosphere?

• precipitation

• evaporation

• condensation

• transpiration

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How does deforestation impact the carbon cycle?

• It increases the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean.

• It leads to a decrease in biodiversity, affecting carbon storage.

• It enhances the Earth's natural carbon sinks.

• It reduces the number of trees available to sequester carbon dioxide.

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Which statement best describes the effect that an increased amount of atmospheric carbon has on plants?

• Plants will require less water to be absorbed.

• Plants will decrease their rate of transpiration.

• Plants will require more sugar to create energy.

• Plants will increase their rate of photosynthesis.

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Where does most of Earth's available carbon come from?

• the constant process of photosynthesis

• sunlight that is transferred from the Sun to Earth

• the convection process that occurs in Earth's mantle

• dead organisms that are recycled back into the environment

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Which sequence correctly outlines the carbon cycle in an ecosystem?

• Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants, converted into organic matter through photosynthesis, consumed by animals, and returned to the atmosphere through respiration and decomposition.

• Carbon is extracted from the atmosphere through sedimentation, forms fossil fuels, is released by burning fossil fuels, and absorbed by plants through photosynthesis.

• Carbon moves from rocks into the soil, is taken up by plants, moves through the food chain, and is released back into the soil through erosion.

• Carbon is absorbed by animals through respiration, transferred to plants through consumption, released to the atmosphere through burning, and stored in the ocean through sedimentation.

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In the carbon cycle, carbon molecules are exchanged between the natural carbon reservoirs of rocks, soil, plants, fossil fuels, and the ocean. Which of the following is NOT an important exchange between two reservoirs?

• from the atmosphere to the hydrosphere, in which gaseous carbon dioxide dissolves into the oceans

• from the atmosphere to fossil fuels, in which gaseous carbon dioxide forms minerals at Earth's surface

• from the hydrosphere to fossil fuels, in which ocean sediments are compressed into rock on the ocean floor

• from fossil fuels to the atmosphere, in which emissions from cars and industry release gaseous carbon dioxide

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