Sedimentary Rocks Quiz

What are sediments derived from?

• Only igneous rocks

• Only metamorphic rocks

• Igneous, metamorphic, and existing sedimentary rocks

• Biological material only

What process leads to the formation of sedimentary rocks after sediments are formed?

• Melting and solidification

• Compaction and cementation

• Sublimation and deposition

• Erosion and deposition

What percentage of the Earth's crust is composed of sedimentary rocks?

• About 50%

• About 75%

• About 25%

• About 90%

Why is studying sedimentary rocks important?

• They are only used for construction materials

• They help in understanding Earth's history, climate, and past environments

• They are the most abundant rocks on the planet

• They contain no fossils

Which of the following is NOT one of the four steps in generating sedimentary rocks?

• Weathering

• Transportation

• Subduction

• Deposition

What is lithification in the context of sedimentary rock formation?

• The process of rock melting

• The process of sediment erosion

• The process of transforming loose sediments into solid rock

• The process of sediment transportation

Which minerals are commonly involved in cementing sediments together?

• Diamond, ruby, and sapphire

• Calcite, silica, and iron oxides

• Quartz, feldspar, and mica

• Gold, silver, and platinum

What are terrigenous (clastic) sedimentary rocks formed from?

• The evaporation of minerals from solution

• The precipitation of minerals from solution

• The weathered products of pre-existing rocks

• High-energy environments with fine particles

What indicates that a sediment is mature?

• It is fresh and close to the source

• It has undergone extensive weathering and transportation

• It has high lithic content

• It is found in low-energy environments

What does high lithic content in sediments indicate about their maturity?

• They are mature

• They are well-sorted

• They are immature

• They have been extensively transported