GC#5 Chromosomal Mutations

What are chromosomal mutations?

• Variations to the structure or numbers of chromosomes

• Changes in a single nucleotide of DNA

• Mutations that only affect non-coding DNA

• Errors in the protein synthesis process

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

What is an example of a process where chromosomal mutations can occur?

• DNA replication

• Crossing over during meiosis

• Translation

• Transcription

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

What is deletion in the context of chromosomal mutations?

• A change in a single base pair

• The removal of one or more genes from a chromosome

• The addition of extra nucleotides

• The reversal of a segment of DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

What does translocation refer to in chromosomal mutations?

• The movement of a gene within the same chromosome

• The duplication of a gene sequence

• Fragments from one chromosome attaching to another

• The loss of genetic material

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is trisomy?

• A mutation that deletes three nucleotides

• A type of gene duplication

• A condition where an individual has three copies of a chromosome

• The translocation of a chromosome segment to a new location

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a well-known example of trisomy?

• Trisomy 22

• Trisomy 21, which leads to Down syndrome

• Trisomy 13

• Trisomy 18

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the consequence of a large-scale deletion in chromosomal mutations?

• A significant loss of genetic material that can affect multiple genes

• A minor change in the organism's phenotype

• An increase in genetic diversity

• The addition of new functions to the protein

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is duplication in the context of chromosomal mutations?

• Extra copies of a gene or genes

• A change in the sequence of DNA bases

• The reversal of a DNA segment

• The loss of a segment of DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is inversion in chromosomal mutations?

• A segment of DNA is lost

• A segment of DNA is duplicated

• A segment of DNA is flipped upside down and reattached

• A segment of DNA is moved to a new location

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

How does crossing over during meiosis contribute to chromosomal mutations?

• By duplicating entire chromosomes

• By causing translocations between non-homologous chromosomes

• By directly causing trisomy

• By breaking and reforming bonds between homologous chromosomes, potentially leading to mutations

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2