Exit Ticket - Evolution & Natural Selection

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures.

Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

• Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas.

• Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than to hippopotamuses.

• Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales.

• Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs.

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Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.

Which organism is the least related to the other three organisms?

• organism 1

• organism 2

• organism 3

• organism 4

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The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates.

Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humorous bones?

• the primates lived in similar environments.

• the primates shared a common ancestor.

• the primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population.

• the primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods.

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Cetaceans are whales and their relatives. The diagram shows some fossils of cetaceans.

Which statement provides the best evidence that Ambulecetus natans is an ancestor of Basilosaurus iris?

• homologous structure occurs in each fossil.

• similar nitrogenous bases are found in the DNA of each fossil.

• the fossils were found in different locations

• the youngest fossil is larger than the older fossils.

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Bactrian camels, dromedaries, llamas, and alpacas are all members of the same taxonomic family, Camelidae. Members of this family all have two toes, no hooves, true canine teeth, and a split upper lip. the family Camelidae originated in North America. The physical features of animals in this family and the family's geographical origin provide evidence that all these animals -

• live in the same type of ecosystem

• have slowly evolved to become herbivores

• have a common ancestor

• exchanged DNA at some point in the past

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The diagram shows data on the evolution of horses.

The date in the diagram is evidence that -

• a new species of horse suddenly appeared

• horses slowly developed over time

• Horses have similar stages of rapid embryological development

• horses have a common ancestry with other hovved animals

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Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould researched the lenses of the eyes of fossil trilobites of different species. In 1972 they published a paper in which they described the tendency of a species to remain the same un5il a sudden change in the environment causes a new related species to appear.

Which hypothesis was most challenged by the work of Eldredge and Gould?

• Redi's hypothesis that spontaneous generation does not occur

• Haeckel's hypothesis that embryological development mimics the evolution of species

• Wallace's hypothesis that geography affects the distribution of species

• Darwin's hypothesis that the development of species is a slow, gradual process

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The graph shows the number of taxa of reptiles whose fossilized tracks have been found.

Which statement is best supported by this data?

• Competition for food and shelter among reptile species was very low during the Triassic period.

• A great extinction occurred during the Jurassic period.

• Environmental conditions for speciation were most favorable for reptiles during the Permian period.

• Reptiles adapted to a terrestrial environment during the Cretaceous period.l

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This diagram of the fossil record represents changes in mollusks over millions of years.

How can the pattern of changes in the fossil record best be explained?

• the mollusks were well adapted to their stable environment. A large sudden change occurred in their environment. After the changes, the mollusk with the bigger shells was better adapted to the new environment.

• the mollusks were well adapted to their stable environment. the mollusks hybridized with a smaller species of mollusk. A new species of mollusk with a bigger shell resulted.

• the mollusks were not well adapted to their environment. the length of the mollusk's shells changed gradually over time. The mollusks in the original population that has small shells died over a period of many years.

• the mollusks were well adapted to their environment. humans introduced a new species of mollusk that was not adapted to this environment. the introduced mollusk outcompeted the native mollusk species.

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The cladogram shows the evolution of land plants as indicated by fossil records.

Which discovery would challenge the validity of this cladogram?

• A large aquatic vascular plant about 200 million years old

• A species of algae that has existed for less than one million years

• A moss species that has existed for less than 380 million years

• A fossil of a fern more than 425 million years old.

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