EOC Review Round 1A

Select two statements that best express central ideas from the passage.

• Developing countries like China contribute the largest quantity of plastic waste.

• There is more plastic pollution in the ocean than previously thought.

• The best way to solve the problem presented by plastics is to restrict the number of products made of plastic.

• Seafood from the Indian Ocean contains high levels of toxins.

• Plastic trash on both the surface and seabed of the ocean causes the extinction of many marine species.

How does the author use information from experts, researchers, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to advance his purpose?

• He uses the information to explain the research methods used to determine the extent of the plastic trash problem.

• He uses the information to present credible sources to verify that the plastic trash problem is both real and serious.

• He uses the information to link the plastic trash problem to consumers’ dependence on plastic goods.

• He uses the information to provide the evidence necessary for developed countries to take action against the main contributors to the problem.

What does the phrase "mitigation strategies" mean as it is used in paragraph 10?

• efforts to find cheaper material from which to make plastics

• approaches to lessen the problem of plastic trash

• methods to retrieve plastic trash

• plans to implement a ban on plastics

Select two details from paragraphs 10-12 that best help the reader determine the meaning of "mitigation strategies."

• "Jambeck says the solution to this marine problem lies on land."

• "It’s not sensible to go to the ocean with nets to capture trash. . . ."

• "To reduce waste, countries have to come up with better 'collection, capture and containment' methods. . . ."

• "Much of the plastic that ends up in the ocean from the land is carried by water, and also the wind."

• ". . . plastic producers should design products that can be reused or easily reprocessed. . . ."

What kinds of evidence does the author mainly use to support the central idea in the passage?

• quotations from experts, including an author of a recent study

• personal experience with the effects of pollution on the earth

• eyewitness testimonies, including reports by environmental observers

• counter-arguments to previously accepted opinions

What is the meaning of the term "food web" as it is used in paragraph 9?

• net used to capture fish

• plants and animals that are interconnected through diet

• toxic organisms linked to food poisoning

• mesh created by accumulated plastic pollution

How does the author’s use of the term "food web" affect the meaning of paragraph 9?

• It is a symbolic way of describing the physical structure of plastic fibers on the seafloor.

• It stresses the dangers sea turtles, birds, and mammals face when they become entangled in plastic pollution.

• It alludes to the complicated, tangled nature of the problem of plastic pollution.

• It emphasizes how all living organisms are interdependent and therefore affected by plastic pollution.

Select the two sentences that together summarize the passage.

• The largest plastic waste contributor is China.

• Plastics break down into tiny particles and fibers that float on the ocean’s surface and settle to the bottom.

• For every foot of coastline in the world, five trash bags full of plastic trash are discarded each year.

• Better methods of collecting plastic waste on land and designs that encourage reuse and recycling are keys to reducing plastic pollution in the ocean.

• A study published in Science reveals that the problem of plastic trash in the ocean is more serious than previously realized.

Select two central ideas of the passage.

• Plastic pollution negatively impacts sea animals, birds, and humans.

• Millions of tons of plastic trash enter the ocean each year.

• Most plastic pollution is created by developed countries.

• Scientists are unable to determine exactly how much plastic trash is dumped in the ocean annually.

• Most plastic pollution in the ocean originates on ships and fishing vessels.

Consider the centra ideas of the passage. What is the relationship between the ideas?

• The ideas represent a problem and solution relationship

• The ideas illustrate opposite sides of an ongoing debate.

• .The ideas represent a cause and effect relationship

• The ideas illustrate a general principle supported by a specific reason.