Quarter 3 Final

How did fossils show that the continents were once joined together?

• Animal fossils such as the mesosaurus were found on one continent.

• Scientists found examples of different kinds of fossils on some continents.

• Plant fossils of the same kind of fernlike plants were found on five continents.

• Freshwater animal fossils were found in the nearby oceans.

Which of the following statements are true about sea-floor spreading? Choose the three statements that apply.

• Young rock forms in layers on the ocean floor as spreading occurs.

• Magma flows through cracks in Earth's crust and hardens.

• Continental crust is formed by the ridges as they grow.

• Mid-ocean ridges are the sources of the spreading.

• Older rock is farther away from the mid-ocean ridges.

The sinking of ocean crust back into the mantle when it meets continental crust is called _____, and this occurs at _____.

• convergent / ocean trenches

• sea-floor spreading / mid-ocean ridges

• divergent boundaries / plate centers

• subduction / mountain ranges

How do the convection currents drive the motion of Earth's plates?

• Ocean water rises as it warms and falls as it cools to move the plates.

• Hot melted rock rises and cooler rock sinks in the mantle, forming currents that move the plates.

• Melted rock rises and falls, and the currents move the mantle while the crust remains in place.

• The crust moves in a current to drive the motion of the water in the oceans.

What determines how the plates interact at their boundaries?

• the materials the plates are made of

• the difference in thickness of the plates

• the kind of plates they are and whether they keep moving

• the kind of boundary and the directions in which the plates are moving

Which of the following words or phrases would best describe the oceanic crust compared to the continental crust?

• denser

• thicker

• under water

• lighter

Which of the following words or phrases would best describe the continental crust compared to the oceanic crust?

• denser

• thicker

• under water

• lighter

Brody learned that a slow, steady flow of magma can form shield volcanoes in some places. What is one cause for the formation of a shield volcano?

• earthquake

• caldera

• hotspot

• lava plateau

The movement of Earth’s tectonic plates generates tremendous force. Which force pulls on Earth’s crust, stretching the rock to make it thinner?

• compression

• shearing

• stress

• tension

Braydon reads about the earthquake that occurred in Japan in 2011, and he learns that it had a magnitude of 9.0. What does the magnitude of an earthquake measure?

• Depth of the earthquake's epicenter
• Number of aftershocks
• Time duration of the earthquake
• Energy released at the source of the earthquake