Formation and Characteristics of Rocks

How are igneous rocks formed?

• Through the solidification and cooling of magma or lava.

• Through the compression of organic matter

• Through the evaporation of water

• Through the erosion of sedimentary rocks

Name two types of sedimentary rocks.

• Granite

• Shale

• Marble

• Sandstone, Limestone

What are the main characteristics of metamorphic rocks?

• Metamorphic rocks do not contain any minerals

• Metamorphic rocks are formed from volcanic eruptions

• Formed through alteration of pre-existing rocks, exhibit foliation, contain minerals like mica, quartz, and feldspar.

• Metamorphic rocks are always smooth and rounded

What is the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed?

• Volcanic eruption, lava flow, cooling, and hardening

• Melting, crystallization, solidification, and lithification

• Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation

• Sublimation, evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

Give an example of an extrusive igneous rock.

• Granite

• Obsidian

• Gabbro

• Basalt

What are the three main types of sedimentary rocks based on their origin?

• clastic, chemical, and organic

• limestone, marble, shale

• granite, basalt, sandstone

• igneous, metamorphic, volcanic

How do metamorphic rocks differ from igneous and sedimentary rocks?

• Metamorphic rocks are formed through the alteration of existing rocks, while igneous rocks are formed from cooling magma/lava and sedimentary rocks are formed from accumulated sediments.

• Metamorphic rocks are formed by rapid cooling of magma

• Metamorphic rocks are formed from volcanic eruptions

• Metamorphic rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments

What is the most common type of igneous rock?

• Granite

• Obsidian

• Pumice

• Basalt

What are the two main categories of sedimentary rocks?

• clastic and chemical

• volcanic and plutonic

• organic and inorganic

• igneous and metamorphic

How do metamorphic rocks get their unique textures?

• Recrystallization

• Volcanic eruptions

• Weathering

• Erosion