Behaviorism

Who is most closely associated with the discovery of classical conditioning?

• B.F. Skinner

• Jean Piaget

• Ivan Pavlov

• Albert Bandura

What is classical conditioning?

• A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.

• A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

• The process of learning by watching others and imitating their actions.

• A type of learning in which an individual's behavior is modified by its consequences

Which term refers to the weakening of a conditioned response over time if the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

• Extinction

• Generalization

• Discrimination

• Acquisition

If a dog has been conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell but not to a whistle, what concept is being demonstrated?

• Extinction

• Generalization

• Discrimination

• Habituation

If a previously established conditioned response re-emerges after a period of rest or non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus, what phenomenon is occurring?

• Spontaneous recovery

• Habituation

• Operant conditioning

• Observational learning

What techniques is used in emotional conditioning?

• punishment

• systematic desensitization

• avoidance

• cognitive restructuring

Which technique involves adding positive stimuli?

• exposure treatment

• counterconditioning

• systematic desensitization

• cognitive restructuring

In personality psychology, emotional conditioning primarily involves:

• Shaping emotional responses through learned associations with stimuli

• Inherited emotional traits

• Conscious regulation of emotions

• Unpredictable fluctuations in emotional states

Which technique involves reducing emotional intensity through repeated exposure to a triggering stimulus?

• punishment

• avoidance

• desensitization

• cognitive restructuring

What color is associated with poor academic performance and evokes negative emotions?

• blue

• black

• green

• red