Cell quiz 7th

Single-celled organisms have all the materials they need to survive inside one cell. Unicellular organisms can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes contain a nucleus: a structure in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane that contains the cell’s DNA. In contrast, prokaryotes have no nucleus, and their DNA exists in the cytoplasm. All bacteria are prokaryotes. Eukaryotes also contain organelles, structures within the cytoplasm that perform specific functions. Organelles include mitochondria, the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Prokaryotes do not have organelles that are enclosed in membranes, but they do have ribosomes. Examples of unicellular eukaryotes include the amoeba and paramecium. All plants and animals are eukaryotes and multicellular. Spirilla, a type of bacteria, are________________

• organelles
• prokaryotes
• mitochondria
• eukaryotes

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus in which genetic material called DNA is surrounded by a membrane. DNA is a kind of nucleic acid, which is made of compounds called nucleotides. For a cell to multiply or split into new cells, DNA must first replicate during a process called mitosis. Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of cells because they produce energy. The mitochondria make the high-energy molecules called ATP, or adenosine triphosphate. Cells use ATP for fuel. Nutrients, fluids and wastes to be disposed of are stored in small sac-like structures called vacuoles within the cell. The nucleus________________

• produces energy.
• houses DNA.
• stores waste.
• is found in prokaryotes.

Proteins are made in organelles called ________.

• ribosomes
• golgi bodies
• DNA
• chloroplasts

Green plants convert sunlight into chemical energy in the ________.

• golgi bodies
• cell walls
• vacuoles
• chloroplasts

A cell wall is the ________.

• thin, soft membrane that surrounds the nucleus of each cell
• collection of cytoplasm in each cell
• rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells and most bacteria
• sheets of cells that cover the lining of the stomach

Which of the following is not part of cell theory?

• Cells are the basic unit of life in all organisms.
• All living things come from one or more cells.
• All cells must be able to make their own food.
• All cells come from existing cells.

Cells extract energy from nutrients in a structure known as the powerhouse of the cell, or the ________.

• vacuole
• cilia
• nucleus
• mitochondria

True or False: all cells have a cell membrane.

• True
• False

What are the levels of organization in an organism? ( starting from smallest to largest)

• Organ system, Organism, cells, tissue
• Tissue, cell, organs, Organ sytem, organism
• Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism
• Bacteria, Prokaryotic cells, Eukaryotic cells, organism

Expain the difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells