Animal Endocrine Review

What is the general function of chemical messengers?

• They are used for cellular respiration.

• They regulate growth, development, and metabolism.

• They break down nutrients in the digestive system.

• They protect the body from diseases.

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Which type of chemical messenger is produced by the central nervous system for quick action on muscle cells?

• Hormones

• Local Chemical Messengers

• Neurotransmitters

• Pheromones

What is the source and transmission of hormones in the body?

• They are released into the bloodstream by neurons to cause changes.

• They are released on the surface of animals to cause changes in another animal of the same species.

• They are released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands.

• They alter physiological conditions in nearby structures.

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What is the function of pheromones?

• They cause asexual reproduction in Platyhelminthes.

• They are involved in the development of Cnidarians.

• They are released on the surface of an animal to cause changes in another animal of the same species.

• They help in shedding the cuticle in Nematodes.

Which invertebrate uses chemical messengers for asexual reproduction, regeneration, and gamete maturation?

• Cnidarians

• Platyhelminthes

• Nematodes

• None of the above

What do mollusks regulate through their chemical messengers?

• Shell growth and gamete production

• Heart rate, actions of kidneys, metabolism

• Molting and color changes

• Gamete development

Which type of glands lack ducts and secrete chemicals directly into the bloodstream?

• Exocrine Glands

• Endocrine Glands

• Pineal Gland

• Pituitary Gland

What is the function of the pineal gland in fish?

• Regulates water, ions, blood pressure, and smooth muscle contraction

• Secretes prolactin which begins reproductive migration

• Produces neuroeptides that affect pigmentation and inhibit reproductive development

• Secretes chemical into ducts leading to body cavities or surface

What does the pituitary gland secrete in fish that begins reproductive migration?

• Neuroeptides

• Prolactin

• Water and ions

• Chemicals into body cavities

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid and helps regulate metabolism as well as calcium levels in Hawaiian Goby and Salmon?

• Chromaffin

• Prolactin

• Thyroxine and triiodothyronine

• Glucocorticoids

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3