Ethics02

What is culture commonly said to be?

• A quality that some people have more than others

• A type of music

• A type of food

• A type of clothing

According to the text, what does culture refer to?

• Different types of sports played by a group of people

• Knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects acquired by a group of people

• Types of animals found in a region

• Different types of weather patterns

What is cultural relativism in ethics?

• A theory in ethics which holds that ethical judgments have their origins either in individual or cultural standards

• A theory that states there is only one universal standard for ethics

• A theory that states ethics are based on personal preferences

• A theory that states ethics are not important

What are some of the basic universal human values mentioned in the text?

• Happiness, Peace, Love, Freedom, Safety, Intelligence

• Anger, Hatred, Greed, Jealousy, Laziness, Ignorance

• Loneliness, Isolation, Despair, Hopelessness, Fear, Suffering

• War, Violence, Deception, Corruption, Discrimination, Oppression

What is moral character in a philosophical sense?

• Being physically strong

• Being popular in society

• Having a lot of money

• Having or lacking moral virtue

What is the circular relation between acts and character in moral development?

• Moral character has no relation to acts

• Moral character is fixed and cannot be changed by acts

• Individual acts have no impact on moral character

• Individual acts determine moral character, and moral character itself develops acts that help in achieving either virtue or vice

What are the two sub-stages of Stage 1: Punishment Avoidance and Obedience in Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

• Punishment Avoidance and Obedience

• Exchange of Favors and Good Boy/Girl

• Law and Order and Social Contract

• Universal Ethical Principle and Good Boy/Girl

What is the nature of moral reasoning in Stage 3: Good Boy/Girl in Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

• Making decisions based on what actions will please others, especially authority figures and other individuals with high status

• Making decisions based on what is best for oneself without regard for others' needs or feelings

• Recognizing that rules represent agreements among many individuals about appropriate behavior

• Adhering to abstract, universal principles that transcend specific norms and rules

What is the nature of moral reasoning in Stage 5: Social Contract in Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

• Adhering to abstract, universal principles that transcend specific norms and rules

• Making decisions based on what is best for oneself without regard for others' needs or feelings

• Making decisions based on what actions will please others, especially authority figures and other individuals with high status

• Recognizing that rules represent agreements among many individuals about appropriate behavior

What is Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle in Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

• A stage where people recognize that rules represent agreements among many individuals about appropriate behavior

• A stage where people make decisions based on what is best for oneself without regard for others' needs or feelings

• A stage where people make decisions based on what actions will please others, especially authority figures and other individuals with high status

• A hypothetical, 'ideal' stage where people adhere to abstract, universal principles that transcend specific norms and rules