Behaviourism

In Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning experiment, he used a tuning fork paired with food to train them to drool at the sound of a tuning fork. Which item would be considered the conditioned stimulus?

• a. Dog

• b. Saliva

• c. Tuning fork

• d. Food

A friend of yours always asks to borrow a pencil. You decide that you are going to condition them to no longer ask you for a pencil. You condition them over the week. Each time they ask you for a pencil you punch their arm. What is this an example of?

• a. Classical Conditioning, stimulus is the pain.

• b. Operant Condition, negative punishment.

• c. Classical condition: the unconditioned response is the pain

• d. Operant Condition, positive punishment.

You have been working really hard to study for this quiz. Because of this hard work, your parents tell you that you no longer have to do chores this week. This is example of what form of conditioning

• a. Negative reinforcement

• b. Positive reinforcement

• c. Positive punishment

• d. Negative punishment

A teacher from North Trail walks into their classroom to find three of the students have not taken out their notebooks or pencils. They decide that they are fed up with this behavior so they yell at them in front of the entire class, making them feel very sad about the life decisions they have made. What form of conditioning is the teacher using?

• a. Classical Conditioning, yelling has become the conditioned stimulus

• b. Classical Conditioning, taking their notes has become an involuntary response

• c. Operant Conditioning, the teacher is positively punishing by yelling

• d. Operant Conditioning, the teacher is positive reinforcement by not yelling at the rest of the class

The same teacher from North Trail walks into their classroom the next day to find that three students still do not have their notes out.. They decide to use a new tactic and allow everyone else in the class to use their notes on their upcoming quiz on behaviorism. What form of conditioning is the teacher using?

• a. Operant Conditioning, the teacher is using negative punishment by not allowing the three students to use their notes

• b. Classical Conditioning, taking out their notes is now involuntarily connected to getting extra time

• c. Classical Conditioning, take out their notes is now voluntary because of the positive reinforcement

• d. Operant Conditioning, the teacher is using positive reinforcement by allowing the students who took out their notes

This type of strategy would be considered

• a. Operant conditioning because they are using negative punishment

• b. Classical conditioning because they are using a neutral stimulus to stop an involuntary action

• c. Operant conditioning because they are stopping an involuntary behavior

• d. Classical conditioning because they are using a conditioned response to stop an involuntary behavior

6. What would be considered the neutral stimulus at the beginning of the conditioning period?

• a. Chewing loudly

• b. Chewing quietly

• c. High-pitched sound

• d. Pressing the button

As a baby Albert was conditioned to feel fear when shown soft objects like bunnies or blankets by experimenters hitting a loud sound whenever he was exposed to something soft. This fear lasted with him for the first four years of his life before it suddenly disappeared. However, at the carnival his partner wins a giant toy bear that is gifted to Albert. Rather than joy for feeling this prize Albert immediately feels fear and cries. The term associated with Albert’s reaction would be:

• a. Extinction

• b. Spontaneous Recovery

• c. Stimulus Generation

• d. Stimulus Discrimination

9) Explain how you could Classically Condition your friend to feel like they need to take a drink of water. Use the correct terminology while explaining this:

Answer explanation

Continuously offer your friend water (unconditioned stimulus) while using a cue which could be you clapping your hands(neutral stimulus) . The clapping of hands would become the conditioned stimulus and would trigger the response to drink water.

10. Explain how you could use Reinforcement or Punishment to change the behavior of a family member. (include both positive and negative to get full marks)

Answer explanation

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Positive punishment 

If a sibling does something that behavior needs to be decreased you could add a stimulus like scolding them for doing a bad behavior

Positive reinforcement 

If a sibling does something that is of good behavior you could add a stimulus which could be giving them a chocolate.

Negative punishment 

When your sibling does a behavior that needs to be decreased you could take away a stimulus which could be removing their favorite toy.

Negative reinforcement 

If your sibling does something of good behavior you could remove a stimulus which could be taking away their chores.