What are the factors that drive urbanization according to the text?

• Ecumene, rural areas, urban areas, suburbs

• Site and situation, transportation and communication, population growth, government policies

• Defense, religion, trade, education

• The presence of an agricultural surplus, the rise of social stratification, the beginning of job specialization

What is the definition of 'Ecumene' as per the provided text?

• A place with a permanent human population

• The permanently inhabited portion of Earth’s surface

• An urban center and its surrounding territory and agricultural villages

• The beginning of job specialization

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the first true cities?

• The presence of an agricultural surplus

• The rise of social stratification and a leadership class or urban elite

• The beginning of job specialization

• Widespread use of barter systems

Which of the following is an example of a modern city-state as per the document?

• The Tigris-Euphrates Valley

• The Nile River Valley and Nile Delta

• New York City

• Athens

What is a 'Settlement' as defined in the text?

• The permanently inhabited portion of Earth’s surface

• A place with a permanent human population

• An urban center and its surrounding territory and agricultural villages

• The beginning of job specialization

What is a city defined as in the provided material?

• A large town

• A higher-density area with territory inside officially recognized political boundaries

• A collection of villages

• A metropolitan area

What does a metropolitan area (metro area) consist of according to the text?

• A single city with high population density

• A collection of adjacent cities economically connected, across which population density is high and continuous

• A group of countries with shared boundaries

• A rural area with low population density

Which of the following cities is included in the Denver Metro Area?

• Dayton

• Vatican City

• Lakewood

• Singapore

According to Borchert's Transportation Model, how many "epochs" or periods did John Borchert describe urban growth into?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

What is one of the challenges for growing city populations mentioned in the material?

• Improved transportation

• Substandard housing

• Decreased migration

• Rural development